Etimologia botanica di Alexandre de Théis - 1810

Etimologia botanica
di Alexandre de Théis
1810

Bibliografia

L'asterisco * indica che la voce è presente nella raccolta biografica
o nel lessico

LISTE DES PRINCIPAUX OUVRAGES CITÉS OU CONSULTÉS.	ELENCO DELLE PRINCIPALI OPERE CITATE O CONSULTATE
Est enim benignum, ut arbitr{i}or, et plenum ingenui pudoris, fateri per quos profeceris (Pline, préface[1]).	Infatti è una cosa buona, come ritengo, e piena di rispetto da uomo libero, confessare attraverso quali procederai (Plinio, prefazione).
Langues Celtique, Gothique, Anglo-Saxon.	Lingue Celtica – Gotica Anglosassone
Histoire des Celtes, par Pelloutier, 1770. Antiquités de la nation Gauloise, par Pezron, 1704. Dictionnaire celtique, par Bullet, 1754. Dictionnaire breton, par D. Lepelletier, 1752. Dictionnaire latin et gallois, par Davies. Dictionnaire françois et breton, par Quiquer, 1640. Dictionnaire anglo-saxon et moeso-goth.<,> par Edward Lye, 1740. Dictionnaire des langues basque, latine et castillane, 1745. Dictionnaire angl. etc, par Samüel Johnson, 1765. Universal etymological dictionnary, par Bailey, 1764. Guide into the tongues, par Minshew, 1617. Glossarium suio-gothicum, par Ihre, 1769. Élémens de la langue des Celtes gomériques, par Lebrigand, 1779. Observations fondamentales sur les langues anciennes et modernes, Nouvel avis sur la langue primitive, par le même, 1788. Les Origines gauloises, par Latour-d'Auvergne, an v. Le Monde primitif<,> par Court-de-Gébelin, 1775. Flora Scotica, par Light-Foot (pour les noms erses), 1777. Ossian et les poésies erses, trad. Par Macpherson. Les mémoires de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres.
Langue Grecque.			Lingua greca
Homère, Iliade et Odyssée, grec et latin, 1747. Hippocrate, grec et latin, 1665. Aristote, deux livres de plantes, grec et latin, avec les commentaires de Scaliger, 1619, et ceux de Casaubon, 1590. Théophraste, avec les commentaires de Bodée, 1644. Nicandre, Theriaca et Alexipharmaca, avec commentaires de divers auteurs, 1530. Dioscorides, avec les commentaires de Matthiole, 1598. Galien, grec et latin, 1659. Athenée, avec les commentaires de Casaubon, 1621. Plutarque, Vies des hommes illustres. Pline, pour quantité de noms grecs omis par les auteurs grecs, commenté par Dalechamp, 1631. Hesychius, Dictionnaire grec, 1746. M. Martin, Etymologicon lexicon. Vossius, Etymolog. linguae latinae, pour un grand nombre de noms grecs, 1662. Schneider, Lexique, grec et allemand, 1797.
Langue latine.	Lingua latina
Caton (Marcus-Porcius), Varron (Marcus-Terentius), Columelle (L.-Junius-Moderatus), réunis sous le titre de Auctores rei rusticae Palladius Virgile, {Georgiques} <Géorgiques> et Bucoliques, 1751. Pline, 1631. G. J. Vossius, Etym. latin., 1662. Et la plupart des auteurs classiques; l'énumération en seroit inutile.
Langues d'Asie.			Lingue asiatiche
Hortus malabaricus[2], Rheede von Draakenstein, 1678, et successivement pour les autres volumes. Herbarium amboinense, Rumphius, 1750. Musaeum Zeylanicum, Hermann, 1717. Thesaurus Zeylanicus, Burmann, 1737. Bontius, inséré dans les Oeuvres de Pison, 1658. Almagest, Plukenet, 1696. Amalthée, par le même, 1705. Amoenitates exoticae, Kaempfer, 1712. Macartney, Voyage en Chine. Relations de divers missionaires.
Langues Orientales, proprement dites.		Lingue orientali propriamente dette
Golius, Lexicon arabicum, 1653. Meninski, Lexicon Arabico-Turcico-Persicum, 1580. Richardson, English, persian and arab dictionnary, 1780. Bochart, Hierozoïcon, 1675. Alpini (Prosper). {De Plant. aegypt.} <De Plant. Aegypt.> 1640. Vesling, à la suite de Prosper Alpin, même édition. Olaus Celsius, Hierobotanicon, 1748. Rauwolf, Voyage en Orient, 1693. {Russel, History natural of Aleppo, 17} <Russell, The natural history of Aleppo, 1794>. Shaw (Thomas), Travels or observations, etc. 1738. Forskahl, Flora Aegypt. Arabica, 1775. Forskahl, Materia medica Arab. Supplément, idem. Nieburh, Voyage en Arabie, traduct. de 1779. Norden, Voyage d'Égypte et de Nubie, commenté par Langlès, 1803. Hornmann, Voyage à l'intérieur de l'Afrique, commenté par Langlès, 1803. Bibliothèque orientale d'Herbelot, 1697. Mémoires de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettre. Castell, Lexicon heptaglotton, 1669. Joseph, Gazophyllum linguae persarum, 1684. Chardin, Voyage en Perse, 1711. Souza (Jean de), Vestiges de la langue arabe, en Portugal, 1789.
Langues d'Amérique		Lingue d'America
Eusèbe Nieremberg, Histoire naturelle, 1635. Hernandez (François), Hist. nov. plant. Mexican, 1651. Pison, Marcgrave, Hist. natur. Brasil, 1648, Elzevier. Plumier, Nov. genera plant. Amer. 1703. Feuillée, Histoire des plantes médicinales du Pérou, Chili, 1714, Dombey. Fresier, Relation d'un voyage à la mer du Sud, 1716. Molina, Essai sur l'histoire naturelle du Chili, traduit par Gravel, 1789. Fusée Aublet, Histoire des plantes de la Guyane françoise, 1775. Thevet, Singularités de la France antarctique, 1558. Laet, Novus orbis, 1633, Elzevier. Barrère, Essai sur l'histoire naturelle de la France équinoxiale, 1741. Catesby, The natural history of Carolina, 1743.
Ouvrages généraux, dont les auteurs ont créé des noms, ou qui les ont expliqués.		Opere generali i cui autori hanno creato dei nomi o li hanno spiegati
Acharius, Lichenograph. Suecicae, Prodromus, 1798. Adanson, Familles des plantes, 1763. Aiton, Hortus Kewensis, 1789. Ambrosinus (Hyac.), Phytologia, 1666. Ammann, Quinque nova genera plantarum, 1739. Bauhin (Gaspard), Pinax, 1671. Beckmann, Lexicon botanicum, 1801. Boerhaave, Index plantarum, Lug. Batav. 1720. Bohemer, Lexicon rei herbariae, 1802. Browne, The civil and natural hist. of Jamaica, 1789. Buxbaum, Nova gener. plantarum, Act. Petrop., vol I. Cavanilles, Icones, descriptiones plantarum, etc. 1791. Idem, Monadelph. dissertat. 1790 Clusius, Rariorum plantarum historia, 1607. Daléchamp, Hist. general. plant. 1587. Dillen, Historia muscorum, 1741. Dillen, Hortus Elthamensis, 1732. Desfontaines, Flora Atlantica, an VI. Dodonée, Stirpium historiae pemptades, 1583. Du Petit Thouars, Plantes des îles de l'Afrique australe, 1804. Flacourt, Relation de l'île de Madagascar, 1661. Forster (J. R.), Characteres gener. pl. maris. aust. 1776. Fuchs, Historia plantarum, 1546. Gaertner (Joseph), De fructibus et seminibus plantarum, 1788. Gesner (Conrad), Hist. plantar. etc. 1541. Gronove, Flora virginica, 1739. Hedwig, Species muscor. frond. Freder. Schwaegrichen, 1801. Houston, Act. Societ. anglicanae. Humboldt et Bonpland, Plantes équinoxiales, première livraison, etc., 1805. Jacquin, Hist. stirpium select. Amer. 1763. Jussieu (Ant. Laur. de), Genera plantarum, 1789. Labillardière, Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen, 1804. Labillardière, Relation du voyage à la recherche de la Peyrouse, an VIII. La Marck (Monet de), Encyclopédie méthodique. L'Héritier, Sertum Anglicum, 1788. L'Héritier, Stirpes novae, 1784, etc. Linné, Philosop. Botanica, 1770. Linné fils, Supplément, 1781. Loeffling, Voyage d'Espagne et d'Amérique, 1760. Loureiro, Flora Cochinchinensis, 1793. Micheli, Nova genera plantarum, 1729. Mitchell, Summa genera plant. Virgin. Miller (Philip.) The gardner's dictionary. Michaux, Flora Boreali-Americana, 1803. Morison, Plantarum historia, - Umbelliferarum distributio. Murray, Linnaei syst. vegetab. 1798. Mutis. Palisot de Beauvois, Flore d'Oware et de Benin, 1805. Palisot de Beauvois, Prodrome de l'aethéogamie, 1805. Persoon, Synopsis methodica fungorum, 1801. Petit, Lettres botaniques, 1710. Petiver, Pterigraphie, 1712; Gazophyllum. Ray, Catalog. plantarum circa Canta. etc. 1660. Retzius, Observations botaniques, 1781 et 1779.
Royen (David van), Prodrom. florae Leydensis, 1739. Ruyz et Pavon, Peruvi. et Chilensis flor. Prodromus, 1797. Ruppius, Flora Jenensis, 1726, collaborateur de Dillen. Schreber, Genera plantarum, 1789. Smith, Icones plantarum, etc. 1789. Smith (J. Ed.), Mémoire de l'Académie de Turin, vol. 5. Smith (J. Ed.), Transactions of the Linnean Society, 1791, etc. Sonnerat, Voyage à la Nouvelle Guinée. Sparmann, Act. Stock. 1779. Swartz, Fougères insérées dans le Journal de bot. 2 part. 1800. Swartz, Nova genera et species plantarum Prodromus, 1788. Thunberg, Flora Japonica, 1784. Thunberg, Dissert. Nov. pl. gener. De 1781 à 1792. Tournefort, Hist. rei herbariae, 1700. Vahl, Eglogae Americanae, 1790. Vahl, Symbol. botan. 1790. Vandelli, Florae Lusitanniae et Brasil. specimen, 1788. Ventenat, Hortus Celsianus, an VIII; Jardin de la Malmaison, 1803, etc. Ventenat, Tableau du règne végétal, an VII. Willdenow, Species plantarum, 1797, etc. Antoine de Jussieu, Bernard de Jussieu, Nissole, Vaillant (Sébastien), Marchant (Jean), Mémoires de l'Académie des sciences de Paris. Annales du Musée national d'histoire naturelle, premier volume, 1802. Mémoires des principales Sociétés savantes de l'Europe.

[1] Plinio Naturalis historia Praefatio, 21: Est enim benignum, ut arbitror, et plenum ingenui pudoris fateri per quos profeceris, non ut plerique ex iis, quos attigi, fecerunt.

[2] Hortus Malabaricus (meaning Garden of Malabar) is a comprehensive treatise that deals with the medicinal properties of the flora in the Indian state of Kerala. Originally written in Latin, it was compiled over a period of nearly 30 years and published from Amsterdam during 1678-1693. The book was conceived by Hendrik van Rheede [Hendrik Adriaan van Rheede tot Drakenstein (Amsterdam, 13 April 1636 - at sea, 15 December 1691)], who was the Governor of the Dutch Malabar at the time. The book has since been translated by Dr. K. S. Manilal into English and Malayalam. Van Rheede is said to have taken a keen personal interest in the compilation of the Hortus Malabaricus. The work was edited by a team of nearly a hundred including physicians [such as Ranga Bhat, Vinayaka Pandit, Appu Bhat and Itti Achuden] professors of medicine and botany, amateur botanists (such as Arnold Seyn, Theodore Jansson of Almeloveen, Paul Hermann, Johannes Munnicks, Joannes Commelinus, Abraham a Poot), and technicians, illustrators and engravers, together with the collaboration of company officials, clergymen (D. John Caesarius and Carmelite Mathaeus of St. Joseph). Van Rheede was also assisted by the King of Cochin and the ruling Zamorin of Calicut. Prominent among the Indian contributors were three Gouda Saraswat Brahmins named Ranga Bhat, Vinayaka Pandit, Appu Bhat and Malayali physician, Itti Achuden,who was an Ezhava doctor of the Mouton Coast of Malabar. The ethnomedical original information in the work was provided by these three working on it for two continuous years morning and evening as certified by them. Their certificate to this effect is given in the first volume of the book. The comprehensive nature of the book is noted by Whitehouse in his Historical Notices of Cochin. All the country around was diligently searched by the natives best acquired with the habitats of plants; and fresh specimens were brought to Cochin where the Carmelite Mathaeus sketched them, with such striking accuracy, that there was no difficulty in identifying each particular species when you see his drawings. Names of each species is written in Malayalam as well as Konkani (then known as Brahmananchi Bhas). A description of each plant was written in Malayalam and thence translated into Portuguese, by a resident at Cochin, named Emmanuel Carneiro. The Secretary to Government, Herman Van Douep, further translated it into Latin, that the learned in all the countries of Europe might have access to it. The whole seems then to have passed under the supervision of another learned individual named Casearius, who was probably a Dutch Chaplain and a personal friend of Van Rheede. A book of its size, on which such care was expended, must have consumed a fortune before its publication, and confers honour, both on those who compiled it and the place where it was compiled. The Hortus Malabaricus comprises 12 volumes of about 500 pages each, with 794 copper plate engravings. The first of the 12 volumes that comprise the book was published in 1678, and the last in 1703. It is believed to be the earliest comprehensive printed work on the flora of Asia and the tropics. Mentioned in these volumes are plants of the Malabar region which in his time referred to the stretch along the Western Ghats from Goa to Kanyakumari. The book gives a detailed account of the flora of Kerala, along with sketches and detailed descriptions. Over 742 different plants and their indigenous science are considered in the book. The book also employs a system of classification based on the traditions adopted by the pre-ayurvedic practitioners of that era. Apart from Latin, the plant names have been recorded in other languages viz. Konkani, Arabic and Malayalam. Several species of plants have their type illustrations in this work.