Lessico
Filagrio
Sono noti
due medici dal nome Filagrio: il più importante e al quale fa riferimento
Gessner a pagina 400
di Historia
animalium III (1555) è Filagrio nato in Epiro e attivo dopo Galeno
e prima di Oribasio.
Il secondo Filagrio visse più tardi e il cui padre Filostorgio si colloca
nella seconda metà del IV secolo dC ai tempi degli imperatori Valentiniano
(321-375) e Valente (ca. 328-378).
Philagrius (Φιλάγριος), a Greek medical writer, born in Epirus, lived
after Galen and before Oribasius, and therefore probably in the third century
after Christ. According to Suidas (s. v.) he was a pupil of a physician named
Naumachius, and practised his profession chiefly at Thessalonica. Theophilus
gives him the title of περιοδευτής (Comment. in Hippocr. "Aphor."
in Dietz, Schol. in Hippocr. et Gal. vol. ii. p. 457), which probably
means a physician who travelled from place to place in the exercise of his
profession. He seems to have been well known to the Arabic medical writers, by
whom he is frequently quoted*, and who
have preserved the titles of the following of his works: 1. De Impetigine. 2. De iis quae Gingivae Dentibusque accidunt. 3. De
iis qui Medico destituuntur. 4. De Morborum Indiciis 5. De Arthritidis Morbo. 6. De Renum vel Vesicae Calculo. 7. De Hepatis Morbo. 8. De Morbo Colico. 9. De Morbo Icterico. 10. De Cancri Morbo. 11. De
Morsu Canis. (See
Wenrich, De Auctor. Graecor. Version, et Comment. Arab. Syriac. &c.
p. 296.)
Suidas
says he wrote as many as seventy volumes, but of these works only a few
fragments remain, which are preserved by Oribasius, Aëtius, and
others. In Cyril's Lexicon (Cramer's Anecd. Graeca Paris. vol. iv. p.
196) he is enumerated among the most eminent physicians.
* The name appears in a very corrupted form in the old Latin translations of these writers, e. g. Filogorius, Filogoriseus, Faneligoris; and even in a modern version it is metamorphosed into Phiylagoraus and Phylagryus. See Sontheimer's Zusammengesetzte Heilmittel der Araber, &c. 1845, pp. 74, 198.
Philagrius, a physician, whose father, Philostorgius, lived in the time of Valentinian and Valens, in the latter half of the fourth century after Christ: the brother of the physician Posidonius (Philostorg, Hist. Eccles. viii. 10). Fabricius conjectures that he may be the same person to whom are addressed eight of the letters of St. Gregory Nazianzen (Bibl. Graec. vol. xiii. p. 364, ed. vet.). This is quite possible, but at the same time it may be stated that the writer is not aware of there being any reason for supposing St. Gregory's correspondent to have been a physician.
Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and
mythology
William Smith, Boston, 1867
Philagrius of Epirus
Philagrius of Epirus (Φιλάγριος Ἠπειρώτης) a Greek medical writer, born in Epirus, lived after Galen and before Oribasius, and therefore probably in the 3rd century AD. According to Suidas he was a pupil of a physician named Naumachius, and practised his profession chiefly at Thessalonica.
Theophilus gives him the title of Περιοδευτής, Periodeutes, which probably means a
physician who travelled from place to place in the exercise of his profession.
He seems to have been well known to the Arabic medical writers, by whom he is
frequently quoted, and who have preserved the titles of the following of his
works. (Wenrich, De
Auctor. Graecor.
Version, et Comment. Arab. Syriac.
&c. p. 296)
1. De
Impetigine
2. De iis quae Gingivae Dentibusque accidunt.
3. De iis qui Medico destituuntur.
4. De Morborum Indiciis
5. De Arthritidis Morbo.
6. De Renum vel Vesicae
Calculo.
7. De Hepatis Morbo.
8. De Morbo Colico.
9. De Morbo Icterico.
10. De Cancri Morbo.
11. De Morsu Canis.
Suidas says he wrote as many as 70 volumes, but of these works only a few fragments remain.
Theophilus Protospatharius (Πρωτοσπαθάριος), the author of several Greek medical works, which are still extant, and of which it is not quite certain whether some do not belong to Philaretus [Philaretus] and Philotheus [Philotheus]. Every thing connected with his titles, the events of his life, and the time when he lived, is uncertain. He is generally called "Protospatharius," which seems to have been originally a military title given to the colonel of the bodyguards of the emperor of Constantinople (Spatharii, or Σωματοφύλακες); but which afterwards became also a high civil dignity, or was at any rate associated with the government of provinces and the functions of a judge. (See Dr. Greenhill's Notes to Theoph., or Penny Cyclopedia, art. Theophilus, and the references there given.)
With respect to the personal history of Theophilus, if, as is generally done, we trust to the titles of the mss. of his works, and so endeavour to trace the events of his life, we may conjecture that he lived in the seventh century after Christ; that he was the tutor to Stephanus Atheniensis [Stephanus, p. 907 J; that he arrived at high professional and political rank; and that at last he embraced the monastic life. All this is, however, quite uncertain; and with respect to his date, it has been supposed that some of the words which he uses belong to a later period than the seventh century; so that he may possibly be the same person who is addressed by the title "Protospatharius" by Photius (Epist. 123, 193, pp. 164, 292, ed. Lond. 1651) in the ninth. He appears to have embraced in some degree the Peripatetic philosophy; but he was certainly a Christian, and expresses himself on all possible occasions like a man of great piety: in his physiological work especially he everywhere points out with admiration the wisdom, power, and goodness of God as displayed in the formation of the human body.
Five works are attributed to him, of which the longest and most interesting is an anatomical and physiological treatise in five books, entitled Περὶ τῆς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου Κατασκευῆς, De Corporis Humani Fabrica. It contains very little original matter, as it is almost entirely abridged from Galen's great work, "De Usu Partium Corporis Humani," from which however Theophilus now and then differs, and which he sometimes appears to have misunderstood. In the fifth book he has inserted large extracts from Hippocrates "De Genitura," and "De Natura Pueri." He recommends in several places the dissection of animals, but he does not appear ever to have examined a human body: in one passage he advises the student to dissect an ape, or else a bear, or, if neither of these animals can be procured, to take whatever he can get, "but by all means," adds he, "let him dissect something." (v. 11. § 3.) The work was first published in a Latin translation by J. P. Crassus, Venet. 1536, 8vo., together with Hippocrates "De Medicamentis Purgantibus." This translation was several times reprinted, and is inserted by H. Stephens in his "Medicae Artis Principes," Paris, 1567, fol. The ms. which Crassus used is probably lost, as none of those which are now known to exist agrees with his translation. The original text was first published by Guil. Morell, without Latin translation, preface, or notes, Paris, 1555, 8vo., from a ms. at Paris, which appears to be more defective than that used by Crassus, though even that was not quite complete Morell's edition is now become scarce, and was inserted by Fabricius in the twelfth vol. of his "Bibliotheca Graeca," together with the Latin translation by Crassus. Two long passages which were missing in the fourth and fifth books were published from a ms. at Venice by Andr. Mustoxydes and Demetr. Schinas in their collection, entitled Συλλογὴ Ἀποσπασμάτων Ἀνεκδότων Ἑλληνικῶν, Venet. 1817. 8vo. The last and most complete edition is that by Dr. Greenhill, Oxon. 1842, 8vo., containing a corrected text, the Latin version by Crassus, various readings, notes, and indices.
II. His treatise Περὶ Οὔρων, De Urinis, in like manner contains little or nothing that is original, but is a good compendium of what was known on the subject by the ancients, and was highly esteemed in the Middle Ages. It first appeared in a Latin translation by Pontius (or Ponticus) Virunius (or Virmius) in several early editions of the collection known by the name of the "Articella." It was first published in a separate form in a new Latin translation by Albanus Torinus, Basil. 1533, 8vo., together with the treatise "De Pulsibus," which version was reprinted in 1535, Argent. 8vo., and is inserted by H. Stephens in his "Medicae Artis Principes." The Greek text was first published without the name of Theophilus, under the title of "Iatrosophistae De Urinis Liber Singularis," Paris, 1608, 12mo., with a new Latin translation by Fed. Morell; which edition was inserted entire by Chartier in the eighth vol. of his edition of Hippocrates and Galen. The best edition is that by Thorn. Guidot, Lugd. Bat. 1703 (and 1731) 8vo., containing an improved text, a new Latin version by the editor, and copious and learned prolegomena and notes. The Greek text only, from Guidot's edition, is inserted by J. L. Ideler in the first volume of his "Physici et Medici Graeci Minores," Berol. 1841, 8vo.
III. A short treatise Περὶ Διαχωρημάτων, De Excrementis Alvinis, was first published by Guidot in Greek with a Latin translation by himself, at the end of his edition of the "De Urinis;" and the Greek text alone is republished by Ideler in his "Phys. et Med. Graeci Min."
IV. A Commentary on the "Aphorisms" of Hippocrates, which is sometimes attributed to a person named Philotheus, is noticed under that name, p. 331.
V. A short treatise Περὶ Σφυγμῶν, De Pulsibus, was first published by F. Z. Ermerins in his "Anecdota Medica Graeca" (Lugd. Bat. 1840, 8vo.), with a Latin translation by the editor, various readings, and a few notes. It appears to be quite different from the work on the same sub ject by Philaretus, which has been sometimes attributed to Theophilus. (See Penny Cyclop, art. Theophilus, and the references there given, from which work the present article has been abridged.)
Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and
mythology
William Smith, Boston, 1867
