Huius substantia cocta ovi albuminis gustu saporem exhibet.

Its cooked substance, in terms of taste, shows the flavor of egg albumen.

SEXUS.

SEX

Sexu tam manifeste hocce Gallinaceum genus natura distinxit, ut prorsus supervacaneum iudicaverim, suo loco eiusmodi differentiam ponere. Quare et Grammatici marem Gallum, faeminam Gallinam nominarunt, et nomen quod sciam nullum habent, quod utrumque genus complecti simul queat. Cur vero sagacissima, ac prudentissima in omnibus natura tam manifestis signis, erecta utpote crista, iubis a cervice per collum dependentibus, {canda} <cauda> maiori, insigni ad praeliandum calcari a Gallina separare voluerit, haud satis mihi constat. Crediderim tamen id ideo factum esse, quod unus multis faemellis sufficere debeat, easque a noxiis quandoque animantibus tueri. Nam eiuscemodi partes insignem, qualis strenuum patremfamilias decet, gravitatem prae se ferunt: quare etiam maiorem Gallinis creavit, et graviorem denique vocem dedit. Sed istaec alii altius perscrutari poterunt.

Through the sex Nature has so clearly distinguished this gallinaceous genus that I would guess quite needless to place such a difference in a special paragraph. Therefore also grammarians named cock the male and hen the female, and have no word I know which at the same time can embrace both sexes. Truly it is not rather clear to me why Nature, very sagacious and skilled in all things, wished to distinguish - the rooster - from the hen by such evident traits, a very erect comb, the hackle falling from head along the neck, a larger tail, and a prominent spur for fighting. However, I should believe that this occurred because only one has to be enough for many females and sometimes to protect them from harmful animals. For such structures flaunt an outstanding authority as befits a zealous family father: therefore, also made him larger than hens and finally gave him a stronger voice. But others will be able to penetrate such matters more deeply.

VISUS. GUSTUS.

SIGHT - TASTE

Tametsi rapacium genus, et in iis maxime Aquila caetera animantia, volucres vero potissimum visus acie praecellat, adeo ut nomen inde sibi accepisse plurimi velint[1], Gallum quidem nostrum non parum oculorum acumine vigere etiam vel inde habemus, quod rapaces aves, et Milvos maxime a longe a reliquis avibus interstinguere egregie cognoscat. Qua in parte fortassis etiam Aquilae praeferri debeat: quae sane in hoc parum Aquilinis oculis fuit, cum ad Aeschili celeberrimi poëtae: eius diei ruinam, ut ferunt[2], fatis praedictam secura Caeli fide caventis albicantem calvariam saxum {efferata[3]}, testudinem devorandam demittens, miserum illum occidit, ut vel ob hanc unam causam Aquilae visus hebetari aliquando videri possit: Gallum vero nostrum eo magis visu valere constat, quod unico tantum oculo sursum elevato semper rapaces aves infestissimos hostes suos observet, ne ex improviso, vel pullum aliquem, vel faemellam, aut ipsummet eripiant e corte, altero diligentissime minutissima quaeque in locis etiam parum lucidis disquirat.

Although the genus of birds of prey, and among them especially the eagle excels other living beings, but especially the birds, in keenness of sight so that many are affirming that she received her name from this fact, actually we can realize that also our rooster stands out not a little by keenness of sight also from the fact that he learns very well to distinguish from afar the birds of prey, and chiefly the kites, from remaining birds. In this characteristic perhaps he should be preferred even to the eagle: since this characteristic at least has been lacking in the eyes of an eagle, when <the bird of prey>, dropping a tortoise, she wished to devour, against the whitening skull of the very famous poet Aeschylus <she took for> a stone, who, as they tell, was seeking for avoid a ruinous  breakdown which had been predicted him by oracles because of a sure faith in open air, killed that unhappy, so that because of this one reason it could seem that at times the eagle's sight is getting dim: on the contrary it turns out that our rooster is of keener vision because with only one eye turned upward is always able to catch sight of birds of prey which are his most deadly enemies, lest unexpectedly they snatch away either a chick or a female or him himself out of the poultry yard, while with the other eye he most attentively examines all very small things laying in even not much lighted places.

Gustum item exquisitissimum Gallinaceus habet, qua in re simiae, cui alioqui omnes uno ore palmam attribuunt, nihil mihi cedere videtur. Illi enim, ut de rebus iudicet, necessarium est, ut dentibus suis eas prius confringat: noster vero Gallinaceus Gallus aridissimum quodque, modo id ore recipere queat ilico diiudicat, ut Iulius Caesar Scaliger[4] docet.

Likewise the rooster has an excellent sense of taste, a thing in which it does not seem to me that he is inferior to the monkey, to whom otherwise everybody unanimously attributes the palm. For, in order to judge the stuff, she needs first to break it with her teeth: on the contrary our rooster suddenly gives an opinion on any more dried thing, if only he can seize it with his mouth, as Julius Caesar Scaliger is teaching.

VOX. CANTUS.

VOICE - SINGING

Gallinaceus Gallus eandem fere semper nobis vocem occinit: sed qui animosiores sunt, graviorem edunt, teste Aristotele[5], incipiunt autem cantum, quum {insilere} <insilire> Gallinas incipiunt. Gallina vero pro variis actionibus vocem immutat. Aliam enim iens, aliam parturiens, aliam pullos enutriens edit: alioqui et illa gracillare dicitur{;}<,> Gallus cucu<r>rire, unde Philomelae author[6].

Cucu<r>rire solet Gallus, Gallina gracillat.

The rooster is nearly always playing to us the same voice: but those who are more courageous utter it more loud, as Aristotle testifies, and they begin to sing when are about to mount the hens. But the hen changes the voice according to various activities. She utters a kind of voice when strolling about, another one when laying, another when rearing chicks: on the other hand she is also said to cluck, and that the rooster utters a cock-a-doodle-doo, whence the author of Philomela says:

The rooster usually does a cock-a-doodle-doo, the hen clucks.

Gaza, quoque apud Aristotelem[7] pro κοκκύζειν, qua voce Demosth<enes> pro Galli voce etiam usus est, cucu<r>rire vertit. Pollux[8], et Scholiastes Aristophanis[9] Cuculo propriam eam vocem esse asserunt. Unde coccyssare, inquit Caelius, id est κοκκύζειν verbum habent Graeci {fictitium} <ficticium> ex Gallinacei voce, et Coccygis. Alibi tamen Scholiastes, cum Aristophanes[10] de Gallo dixisset ὁπόταν μόνον ὄρθριον ᾄσῃ, addit, κοκκύζειν enim tum proprie dicitur Gallus, cum parta victoria canit, et Varinus κοκκύζω vertit, instar Gallinacei clamo. In qua item significatione Theocritus[11] usus est dum canit: ὁ δ’ὄρθριος ἄλλον ἀλέκτωρ κοκκύσδων νάρκαισιν etc. Item Cratinus[12] apud Eustathium[13] κοκκύζειν, inquit τὸν ἀλεκτρυόνα οὐκ ἀνέχονται: qui et hoc Platonis Comici[14] citat Σὲ δὲ κοκκύζειν ἀλέκτωρ προκαλεῖται.

Theodorus Gaza also in Aristotle translates kokkýzein with cucurrire - to do a cock-a-doodle-doo, a word used also by Demosthenes to indicate the rooster’s voice. Julius Pollux and the scholiast of Aristophanes assert that that voice is peculiar to cuckoo. Whence in coccyssare, says Lodovico Ricchieri, that is kokkýzein, the Greeks have an onomatopoeic verb drawn from the voice of the rooster and cuckoo. However the scholiast elsewhere, being that Aristophanes said hopótan mónon órthrion áisëi - when he is singing early in the morning, is adding then it is properly said that a rooster kokkýzein when he sings after he attained a victory, and Varinus translates kokkýzø with I cackle like a cock. Likewise Theocritus used it with this meaning when he was singing: o d’órthrios állon aléktør kokkýsdøn nárkaisin – on the other hand the early-rising rooster crowing to those who are asleep etc. Likewise Cratinus, according to Eustathius, says kokkýzein tòn alektryóna ouk anéchontai - they do not endure the crowing of the cock: who also quotes this passage of Plato Comicus Sè dè kokkýzein aléktør prokaleîtai - The rooster invites you to crow.