Ad inflationem ilium et ventris equi: Fimum columbinum aut gallinaceum, quantum manus capit, in vino dissolvimus cum nitro, et inde clysterem inijcimus etc. Absyrtus et Hierocles.

Against swelling at flanks and abdomen of the horse: We dissolve in wine with saltpeter an amount of dung of chicken or pigeon that a hand can contain, and then we give a enema, etc. Absyrtus and Hierocles.

¶ Rabies canum sirio ardente homini pestifera, quapropter obviam itur per triginta eos dies, gallinaceo maxime fimo mixto <canum> cibis: aut si praevenerit morbus, veratro, Plin.[1]

¶ The rabies of dogs in dog days is deadly for a human being, that's why for those thirty days it is mainly fought with chicken’s dung mixed with dogs’ foods, or, if the illness already appeared, with hellebore – or with veratrum, Pliny.

¶ Gallinacei fimi candidi vires. Ad vitiligines quidam illini iubent gallinarum fimum candidum servatum in oleo vetere cornea pyxide, Plin.[2] Idem cum oleo vetere tenuissime tritum et adpositum leucomata et hypochyses sanat, et aciem luminum confirmat, Marcellus. Adversus fungos noxios: Philagrius, gallinaceum stercus album (inquit) tritum exhibemus ex posca aut aceto mulso. Huius enim manifestum habemus experimentum, quod ad fungorum strangulationes auxilietur, Aetius. Plinius[3] in hyssopo decoctum aut mulso, venena fungorum boletorumque astringere dicit. Item {inflammationes} <inflationes> ac strangulationes. quod miremur (inquit) cum si aliud animal gustaverit id fimum, torminibus et inflationibus afficiatur. Vide supra in viribus gallinacei fimi simpliciter. Illitio ad occultas anginas: Galli stercus album, et cerussam colore referens, exiccatum habeto, et usu postulante subige cum aqua aut melicrato, propinato cochlearium. Desperatos enim sanat. Quod si bibere nequeant, cum melle subactum intimis partibus illinito, Nic. Myrepsus. Fimum gallinarum duntaxat candidum, oleo in vetere corneisque pyxidibus adservant, ad pupillarum albugines, Plin.[4] Sunt qui huius fimi parte alba duntaxat intra corpus sumpta, sanguinem concretum discuti referunt. Fimum gallinac. album et frictum (φρύξας) tere ac potui confidenter exhibeto adversus colicam, Aetius 9. 31. Vide supra inter remedia ex hoc fimo simpliciter.

¶ The properties of white chicken's dung. Against the vitiligos some are prescribing to smear white dung of hen preserved in old oil in a horny jar, Pliny. The same dung powdered with old oil and locally applied, makes recover leucomas and cataracts, and strengthens the visual sharpness, Marcellus Empiricus. Against harmful mushrooms Philagrius says: I give to drink minced white dung of chicken with water and vinegar or with vinegar and honey. In fact I have the evident proof that it is of help against the suffocations from mushrooms - muscarinic syndrome, Aetius of Amida: Pliny says that cooked with hyssop or with wine sweetened with honey reduces the effect of mushrooms' poisons and of boletuses. Likewise the intestinal swellings and the suffocations. And we could be amazed (he says) by the fact that if another animal had to taste this dung, it would be struck by pains and by intestinal swellings. See before among the properties of mere dung of chicken. Local application against the sore throat of unknown origin: Keep at your disposal dried white dung of rooster and which for the color remembers the white lead, and when its use is required knead with water or with mead, and give a spoon of it. In fact it lets recovers the incurable sick persons. But if the patients don't succeed in drinking it, smear it inside blended with honey, Nicolaus Myrepsus. They preserve the dung of hen and only the white one in old oil and in horny jars against leucomas located in pupil center, Pliny. There are some affirming that the coagulated blood is dissolved if only the white part of this dung is taken by general way. Crumble white and fried (phrýxas) dung of chicken and confident give it to drink against a colic, Aetius of Amida in 9^th,31. See before among the remedies obtainable from this mere dung.

¶ Galli stercus ruf{f}um, vel ut Plinius habet, ex gallinac. fimo quod est russum. Impositum furunculos[5] rumpit, et dolorem tollit, Sextus. vide supra inter remedia ex hoc fimo simpliciter. Cum aceto recens illitum furunculos et canis rabidi morsus curat, Plin.[6] et Constantinus. Ex fimo pulli gallinacei quod rubrum fuerit colliges, et impones clavellis, atque inde eos saepius lines, vehementer medebitur, Marcellus. Stercus gall. citrinum cataplasmatis instar impositum, cum ovi vitello et exiguo croco, quemvis abscessum purulentum aperit, Rasis. Fimum gallinaceorum duntaxat rubrum lusciosis illinendum monstrant, Plinius[7].

¶ The red dung of rooster or, as pliny writes, that part of the dung of chicken which is red. Locally applied makes open the pimples and removes the pain, Sextus Placitus Papiriensis. See before among the remedies obtainable from this mere dung. Fresh and smeared with vinegar makes recover the pimples and the bites of a rabid dog, Pliny and Constantinus Africanus. You will take that part of the dung of chicken which is red and you will put it on the corns, and then you will smear them rather often, and the treatment will be powerful, Marcellus Empiricus. The yellowish dung of chicken applied as cataplasm with egg yolk and little saffron, makes burst any purulent abscess, Razi. They advise those suffering from nyctalopia to smear dung of chicken but only the red one, Pliny.

¶ Cinis fimi gallinarum. Prodest ad ictus scorpionum, Plin.[8] Gallinarum vel columbini fimi cinis ex oleo impositus ulcera pedum curat, Marcellus. Fimi gallinacei cinis pedum exulcerationes sanat. columbini fimi cinis ex oleo, Plin.[9]

¶ Ash of dung of hen. It is helpful against the sting of scorpions, Pliny. The ash of dung of hen or pigeon prepared with oil and locally applied makes recover the ulcers at feet, Marcellus Empiricus. The ash of dung of chicken makes recover the ulcers at feet. The ash of pigeon must be used with oil Pliny.

¶ Lapillos qui in gallinaceorum vesica[10] inveniantur, conteri et potioni inspergi adversus calculos iubent, Plin. Alexander Benedictus lapides in gallinaceo ventre repertos, contra calculum a quibusdam commendari scribit, ex hoc Plinii loco fortassis, memoria lapsus. Nos de lapillis qui in ventribus gallinaceorum reperiantur, plura scripsimus supra in B.

¶ They prescribe to powder the pebbles found in the stomach of chickens and to sprinkle them on a potion against stones, Pliny. Alessandro Benedetti writes that against stones by some people are recommended the pebbles found in chicken's stomach, perhaps he is hit by amnesia, but drawing it from this passage of Pliny. Previously I wrote quite a lot, in the paragraph B, about pebbles found in the stomach of chickens.

¶ Veneficia quaedam fiunt ab his quae eduntur excrementis corruptis, ut sanguine vel urina leprosorum, cum in his frumentum maduerit, gallinaeque frumento depastae fuerint, Hier. Cardan.

¶ Some poisons are drawn from by-products of altered excretions as blood or urine of lepers, when wheat has soaked in them and hens have been fed on wheat, Gerolamo Cardano.

¶ A praesepibus equorum removebuntur aves domesticae atque altiles, quae ea propter reliquias pabuli sectari solent: et in his non solum pinnulas excutiunt, sed etiam stercora deijciunt: atque illae cum gutturis, haec cum alvi periculo ab equis deglutiuntur, Ioach. Camerarius. De fimo gallinaceo a bobus aut equis devorato, et remediis contra eum, plura in Quadruped<i>um istarum historiis scripsimus. Hierocles equo adversus hunc fimum devoratum auxiliari docet ipsum fimum gallinae album et solidum: quem conteri iubet cum drachma sevi, (στέατος,) et cum duobus polentae choenicibus[11] vinoque nigro austero in mazas redigi, et equo edendas dari. Gallinarum fimum, duntaxat candidum, in hyssopo decoctum aut mulso, venena fungorum boletorumque astringit: item {inflammationes} <inflationes> ac strangulationes: quod miremur, cum si aliud animal gustaverit id fimum, torminibus et inflationibus afficiatur, Plin.[12]

¶ From mangers of horses have to be kept far-away the domestic and battery fowls, which are usual to frequent them because of fodder's remnants: and they not only are dropping the feathers, but are also discharging feces: and the formers are swallowed by horses with danger for throat, the seconds for bowel, Joachim Camerarius - Joachim Liebhard. About the dung of chicken eaten by oxen or horses and the remedies against it, I wrote quite a lot in the research about these quadrupeds. Hierocles reports that for a horse against to have eaten this dung is of help just the white dung of hen, and hard, and he recommends to crumble it jointly with a drachma [3.41 g] of fat (stéatos), and to make a dough of it with two chenics [around 2 l] of barley polenta and dry black wine and to give it to the horse to be eaten. The dung of hen, but the white one, cooked with hyssop or with wine sweetened with honey reduces the effect of mushrooms' poisons and of boletuses: likewise intestinal swellings and suffocations: and we would be amazed by the fact that if another animal had to taste this dung, it would be seized by pains and intestinal swellings, Pliny.

¶ Quidam a gallo gallinaceo pugnante leviter laesus in rabiem venisse dicitur, Caelius Aurelianus de morb. acut. 3. 9.

¶ They say that a fellow, slightly wounded by a fighting cock, flew into anger, Caelius Aurelianus in De morbis acutis et chronicis 3^rd,9.

H.

H

a. Ut ornis apud Graecos, sic apud Latinos avis etiam aliquando pro gallo gallinave absolute ponitur. Rhodias aves pro gallinis Rhodiis Columella dixit. et Graece {Ταναγραίους} <Ταναγραῖους> ὄρνιθας genere masc. legimus, id est alites Tanagraeos pro gallinaceis Tanagraeis. Gallinaceos mares pro gallis gallinaceis Columella[13] dixit. Gallos a contrario sensu appellatos quidam existimant. nam Galli sacerdotes matris deum castrati erant. hinc Martialis[14], Ne nimis exhausto macresceret inguine gallus, | Amisit teste{i}s, nunc mihi gallus erit. Et rursus, Succumbit sterili frustra gallina marito, | Hanc matris Cybeles esse decebat avem. Cristatus ales, pro gallo, Ovidius 1. Fastorum[15].

a. As it happens for órnis among Greeks, so sometimes among Latins is indifferently used avis - bird - for rooster or hen. Thus Columella said birds of Rhodes instead of hens of Rhodes, and in Greek we read Tanagraîous órnithas in masculine gender, that is, birds of Tanagra for chickens of Tanagra. Some are thinking that the roosters have been so called for an opposite meaning. In fact the Galli, priests of the mother of the gods - Cybele - were castrated. That's why Martial wrote: The cock, lest he should grow too thin having dried up the lower belly, | gave up his testicles, now he will be for me a Gallus – a priest of Cybele. And after that: In vain the hen is subjected to the sterile husband, | It was worthwhile that this bird was of the mother Cybele. Bird endowed with comb for the rooster, Ovid, 1^st book of Fasti.

¶ Ἀλέκτωρ Graece dicitur a privativa particula et lecto: ἐκ τοῦ ἀ καὶ τοῦ λέγω, διὰ τὸ ἐκ λέκτρου ἡμᾶς ἐγείρειν, Eustathius[16] et Athenaeus. A tertia persona praeteriti passivi verbi λέγω, quod est dormio, fit λέκτρον, ἀλέκτωρ: et forte Ἠλέκτρα et ἀλεκτρυών, (oxytonum,) Idem. Ἀλεκτρυών nomen viri Iliados ρ.[17] servat ο. magnum (non servat: Vide mox inter Propria[18]) in genitivo, pro ave vero Homeri s<a>eculum hanc vocem non agnovit, Varinus. Utebantur nimirum antiquitus tantum voce ὄρνις de gallo in genere masc. de gallina in foeminino. Gallos gallinaceos alectryónas et aléctoras Graeci vocant, quia nos a lecto ex<s>uscitent: gallinas vero alectorídas et ornithas.

¶ In Greek they say aléktør because of a privative particle - alpha – plus bed: ek toû a kaì toû légø, dià tò ek léktrou hëmâs egheírein - from alpha and I fall asleep, since he snatches us from bed, Eustathius of Thessalonica and Athenaeus. From the third person of the passive past of the verb légø, that is, I sleep, has origin léktron, aléktør and perhaps Ëléktra and alektryøn (oxytone), still they. Alektryøn, name of a man of 17^th canto of Iliad, in genitive case keeps the omega (he doesn't keep it: see soon among the proper names), but the time in which Homerus lived didn't know this term to indicate a bird, Varinus. In ancient times, precisely, they used only the word órnis in masculine gender for the rooster, in feminine gender for the hen. The Greeks call the roosters alectryónas and aléctoras, because they make us get up from bed: but they call the hens alectorídas and órnithas.