¶ Gallus insilit, Ἀλεκτρυών ἐπιπηδᾷ. ubi quis semel victus redintegrat certamen. a gallorum certaminibus sumptum. Nam is huic animanti mos est ut ad pugnam assiliat, quo magis laedat calcaribus suis in hunc usum a natura affixis, Erasmus.[1] ¶ Philippi gallus, Φιλίππου ἀλεκτρυών. hoc dictitari consuevit, ubi quis de levi quopiam facinore, perinde ut maximo sese iactaret. Nam Alectryon dux quidam erat Philippi regis, quem Chares Atheniensis confecit. Apparet autem Charetem[2] hunc huius facti, nimium crebro, nimisque insolenter apud populum Atheniensem verba facere solitum, ut hinc vulgo sit usurpatum. Recensetur apud Zenodotum, Erasmus[3]. Vide etiam supra inter Propria. Φιλίππου ἀλεκτρυών, ἐπὶ τῶν ἐν μικροῖς κατορθώμασιν ἀλαζονευομένων{,}<.> Domi pugnans more galli, Ἐνδομάχας ἅτ'ἀλέκτωρ. In eum qui semper domi desidens, non audet vel in bellum, vel in certamina proficisci foras. Nam hoc animal pugnacissimum quidem est, sed domi. Ita quidem interpretes Pindari: sed addubito tamen an scriptum sit ἐνδομύχας, id est domi abditus. (ego ἐνδομάχας ab intestinis pugnis recte scribi non dubito.) ἐνδομάχης dictio nove composita ab ἐντός et μάχομαι. Haerebit in istos qui domi perpetuo rixantur, quum foris sint placidissimis moribus. Convenit cum eo quod alibi diximus, Domi leones, Erasmus[4]. Vide supra inter Propria[5].

¶ The rooster assaults, Alektryøn epipëdâi. When one has been defeated once, he resumes the fight. Gathered from the fights of roosters. In fact this animal has such a behavior that is hurling himself into the fight so to be able to wound more with his spurs applied to him by nature for this purpose, Erasmus from Rotterdam. ¶ The rooster of Philip, Philíppou alektryøn. It became a custom to repeat this expression when someone was  boasting of a petty undertaking as of huge importance. In fact Alectryon was a leader of king Philip 2^nd and Chares the Athenian killed him. It seems in fact that this Chares was usual to talk of this fact too often to Athenian people and in a too insolent way, so to become of current use. Disserted in Zenodotus, Erasmus. See also previously - page 404 - among the proper names. Philíppou alektryøn, epí tôn en mikroîs katorthømasin alazoneuoménøn. - The rooster of Philip, about those people boasting of small successes. He fights at home as a rooster, Endomáchas hat'aléktør - Pugnacious at home like a rooster. For he who staying always at home doesn't have the boldness to go out to leave for war or fights. In fact it is well-known that this animal is very combative, but at home. In reality the expounder of Pindarus expresses himself in this way. Nevertheless I suspect that there is written endomýchas, that is, hidden in house. (I, Gessner, don't doubt that there is correctly written endomáchas deriving it from intestine wars). Endomáchës is a recent word from entós - inside - and máchomai - I fight. It will perfectly suit for those people perpetually scuffling at home, while out they are of extremely quiet behavior. This proverb agrees with what we reported elsewhere, Lions at home, Erasmus. See previously among proper names.

¶ Socratis gallus, aut callus, Nonius Marcellus e Varrone citat Socratis gallum in significationem {calvitiae} <calvitiei>[6]: invenisse se, quum dormire coepisset tam glaber quam Socratis gallus, esse factum ericium cum pilis et proboscide. Sentit quisquis illic loquitur, se quum iret cubitum fuisse laevi corpore, nec ullos habuisse pilos toto corpore. in somno transformatum in ericium, qui totus hirsutus est, et su<i>um[7] more proboscidem habet. Scio locum esse mendosum. Aldina aeditio pro gallo legit calvum. ego calvum malim, etc. Adagium conveniet in nudos et inopes, Erasmus. Nostra aeditio Varronis verba sic citat, Invenisse se cum dormire coepisset tam glaber quam Socrates, calvum esse factum ericium e pilis albis etc. Quod scriptum est in ludicro Senecae[8], Gallus in suo sterquilinio plurimum potest, proverbii speciem habet. Intellexit, inquit, neminem parem sibi Romae fuisse, illicque non habere se idem gratia<e>: Gallum in suo sterquilinio plurimum posse. Allusit ad Claudium imperatorem Lugduni natum, hodieque de cane vulgo dicunt, eum in suo sterquilinio plurimum audere. In alieno timidiores sumus omnes, in suo quisque regno ferocior est et animosior, Eras. Tappius idem adagium Germanice usitatum recitat, Ein hane ist off[9] seinem mist seer küne. Superatus es a gallo quopiam, Ἡττήθης τινὸς ἀλεκτρυόνος, iocus proverbialis in servos qui dominos a tergo sequuntur, supplices videlicet et abiecti, cuiusmodi solent esse galli superati in pugna. nam  haec avis in pugna superata silet, et ultro sequitur victorem. Sumptum est ex Aristophane nisi me fallit memoria. Refertur ab {Eudemo} <Euelpide>, Erasmus[10].

¶ The gallus or the callus of Socrates. Nonius Marcellus quotes from Varro the rooster of Socrates with the meaning of baldness: having started to sleep when he was so hairless as the rooster of Socrates, he found himself turned into a porcupine with quills and trunk. He says that whoever realizes that while going to sleep he was feeling himself with a light body and that he didn't have any quills on the whole body. During the sleep he turned himself into a porcupine which is wholly shaggy and has a trunk like pigs. I know that the passage is wrong. The Aldine edition gives bald instead of rooster. I would prefer to read bald, etc. The saying will be suitable for those people being poor and property less, Erasmus. My edition quotes the words of Varro as follows: When started to fall asleep he found himself so hairless as Socrates, and that he became a bald porcupine beginning from white hair etc. What is written in a satire of Seneca, A rooster is awfully powerful in his dunghill, has quite the aspect of a proverb. And he says: Claudius perceived that while no one had been a match for him at Rome, here he didn’t have the same advantage: the rooster is awfully powerful in its dunghill. He hinted at the emperor Claudius born in Lyons, and today they say this currently of the dog, which is extremely audacious in its dunghill. In someone else's house we all are more timid, whoever in his kingdom is more ferocious and aggressive, Erasmus. Eberhard Tappe quotes the same adage so as occurring in German: Ein hane ist off seinem mist seer küne - A rooster is very audacious on its manure. You have been defeated by some rooster, Hëttëthës tinòs alektruónos, a joke in the shape of a proverb towards servants following their masters staying behind their back, that is, suppliant and humble, just as roosters defeated in fight are usually acting. In fact this bird defeated in fight keeps silent, and in addition follows the winner. If I don't lack memory, it has been gathered from Aristophanes. It is said by Euelpides - not by Eudemus, Erasmus.

¶ Ἀλεκτρυόνα ἀθλητὴν Ταναγραῖον. Celebrantur enim isti a generositate, Suidas[11]. Sed magis probo copulativam coniunctionem interseri, ut alibi apud eundem habetur, Ἀλεκτρυόνα καὶ ἀθλητὴν Ταναγραῖον, ubi etiam proverbialiter usurpari scribit. Ut sive gallinaceum Tanagraeum, sive athletam Tanagraeum dicas, animosum et strenuum intelligas. Elegantius autem fuerit, si hominem et athletam pugnacem ac fortem, gallinaceum Tanagraeum cognomines: quam si athletam Tanagraeum simpliciter. Non enim athletas a Tanagra laudatos legere memini, sed gallos tantum.

¶ Alektryóna athlëtën Tanagraîon - The rooster athlete of Tanagra. In fact these are extolled for being a good breed, lexicon Suidas. But I prefer the insertion of the copulative conjunction, as is present still in the same lexicon, Alektryóna kaí athlëtën Tanagraîon - The rooster and the athlete of Tanagra - when is saying that this expression is also used as proverb. As saying both rooster of Tanagra and athlete of Tanagra, and you I want to mean brave and valiant. In fact it would be more elegant if you call rooster of Tanagra a man and a combative and strong athlete, rather than simply athlete of Tanagra. In fact I don't remember to have read that the athletes of Tanagra were praised, but only the roosters.

¶ Gallinacei in morem trepidat, Πτήοσει ὡς τις ἀλέκτωρ. in male affectum et commotum, aut etiam pavitantem opportune dicetur. {πτήοσειν} <πτηόσειν>[12] enim Graecis fugitare significat, atque expavescere. peculiariter autem de avibus dicitur. Πτήοσει Φρύνιχος ὥσπερ ἀλέκτωρ. fuit hic Phrynichus poeta Tragicus, quem Athenienses mille drachmis mulctarunt, quod Milesiorum excidium tragoedia complexus esset. Quod quidem ego non adscripturus eram inter adagia, nisi commentarius Aristophanis hoc nominatim proverbii loco retulisset. Meminit huius et Plutarchus in Alcibiade, qui cum antea fuisset ferox et insolens, ex Socratis familiaritate coepit esse mansuetus ac modestus. Citat autem hunc senarium e poeta quopiam, Ἔπτηξ'ἀλέκτωρ ὡς κλίνας πτερόν. Pavidus refugit more gallinacei, | Quum victus alas ille summittit suas. Meminit huius et in vita Pelopidae. Caeterum quanquam gallus natura pugnax est, ubi tamen se imparem in conflictu sentit, mire deiectus ac supplex profugit, risum praebens spectatoribus, Erasmus[13]. Vide paulo inferius, Vesparum examen metuit Phrynicus.[14]

¶ He is fearful like a rooster, Ptëosei høs tis aléktør. It will be properly said towards one troubled and worried person, or frightened too. In fact for Greeks ptëóseins means to run away and withdraw because of fear. Indeed it is specifically said for birds. Ptëosei Phrýnichos høsper aléktør - Phrynicus trembles with fear like a rooster. This Phrynicus was a tragic poet whom Athenians fined thousand drachmas since he described in a tragedy – The taking of Miletus - the mass slaughter of the inhabitants of Miletus. And I would not have inserted this among the adages if the commentator of Aristophanes had not expressly quoted it as a proverb. Also Plutarch mentions it in Alcibiades, who, while formerly had been arrogant and insolent, thanks to intimate friendship with Socrates, whose exceptional honesty he was admiring, began to be calm and moderate. In fact Plutarch quotes this iambic trimeter from some poet: Éptëx'aléktør høs klínas pterón. He runs away afraid like a rooster | when lowering its wings after has been defeated. He mentions this also in the life of Pelopidas. On the other hand, even if the rooster is naturally combative, nevertheless when in a fight he feels inferior, he runs away in an extremely discouraged and prostrate way, making the spectators laugh, Erasmus. See a little ahead: Phrynicus was afraid of a swarm of wasps.

¶ Gallorum incusare ventres, Ἀλεκτρυόνων μέμφεσθαι κοιλίαν: de edacibus, ac luxu multum absumentibus facultatum. Huic enim animanti venter mirifice calidus, ita ut omnia statim concoquat. Ἀλεκτρυόνος μ'ἔφασκε κοιλίαν ἔχειν, | Ταχύ γοῦν καθέψειν τἀργύριον, Aristophanes in Vespis[15], hoc est, Mihi dixerat ventrem esse gallinacei, | {Velociterque} <Velociter enim>[16] concocturum argentulum. Hoc genus homines[17] Graeci dicunt καταπιεῖν τὴν οὐσίαν, id est devorare substantiam. id enim est atrocius quam καταφαγεῖν, Erasmus[18]. Quod si quis gulosus naturam accusaret, quod calidiorem ventriculum gallis tribuisset et omnia concoquentem, in hunc apto sensu adagium conveniret, Gallorum ventres ab eo incusari. nostri ventriculum huiusmodi, mergi ventriculum appellant, ein scharben magen/ qualem homini voraci inesse aiunt. Vesparum examen metuit Phrynichus velut gallinaceus: proverbium convenit in eos, qui damnum patiuntur. cum enim Phrynichus tragicus Mileti captivitatem ageret, Athenienses metuentem perhorrescentemque lachrymantes eiecerunt, Aelianus in Variis 13. 17.[19] sed alii aliter. Vide paulo superius in Proverbio, Gallinacei in morem trepidat, Πτήοσει Φρύνιχος ὥς τις ἀλέκτωρ. Plura etiam ad Aeliani verba clare intelligenda leges in Gyraldi historia poetarum, et apud Suidam: quae quia nihil ad gallum, omitto.

¶ To blame the belly of the roosters, Alektryónøn mémphesthai koilían: speaking of gluttons and of those people wasting with dissoluteness quite a lot of their financial resources. In fact the stomach of this animal is remarkably warm, so that he digests everything at once. Alektryónos m'éphaske koilían échein | Tachý goûn kathépsein targýrion, Aristophanes in Vasps, that is, He told me that I had the belly of a rooster, | in fact it will digest in a hurry the silver little coin. O men, the Greeks - the Greek men - say that this category katapieîn tën ousíans, that is, devours his goods. In fact this term is more violent than katafageîn - to swallow, Erasmus. And if someone being a glutton would accuse the nature to have given the roosters a rather warm stomach and digesting everything, he would perfectly agree with this adage: The stomach of the roosters is blamed by him. Ours call stomach of merganser such a stomach, ein scharben magen/ like that one they say to be owned by a voracious man. Phrynicus was afraid of a swarm of wasps like a rooster: the proverb is suitable to those people suffering a damage: in fact while the tragedian Phrynicus was captive in Miletus, the Athenians with tears sent him away full of fear and terror, Aelian in Variae historiae 13,17. But others report this otherwise. See a little before at the proverb: He is fearful like a rooster, Ptëosei Phrýnichos høsper aléktør - Phrynicus trembles with fear like a rooster. You can read a lot of things to understand in a clear way the words of Aelian in the history of poets of Giraldi and in the lexicon Suidas: since they don't contain anything about the rooster, I omit them.

¶ Gallinaceos amantibus ficum ne serito, Hermolaus Corollario 194. veluti proverbiale recenset. ego Graecum carmen, Σῦκα φιλ'ὀρνίθε{ο}<σ>σι, φυτεύειν δ'οὐκ ἐθέλουσιν: hoc est, Aves amant ficus, sed plantare recusant, perperam aut lectum ab eo, aut male intellectum suspicor.

¶ Don't plant a fig tree for those people loving the chickens, Ermolao Barbaro classes it as a proverb in Corollarium in Dioscoridem 194. I suspect that he has wrongly read or that he badly understood the Greek verse Sûka phil’orníthessi, phyteúein d’ouk ethélousin: that is, The birds love fig trees, but they don't want to plant them.