Ad sanguinis e naribus profusionem: Ovi putamen integrum comburito, et liquorem ex eo extractum cum fissili arsenico permisceto, in naresque patientis immittito. si arsenicum praesto non fuerit, solus ovi liquor sufficiet, Galenus Euporiston 3.97. Ad sanguinem fluentem e naribus, aliqui thuris farinam cum calicis ovi cinere et vermiculato gummi, ex ovi candido, linamento in nares conijciunt, Incertus. Putaminis cinis in vino potus sanguinis eruptionibus medetur. sic fit et dentifricium, Plin.[1] Dentifricium praestat cinis ex ovis, sed non sine vino, Serenus. atqui Plinius in verbis iam recitatis scribens, Sic fit et dentifricium, intelligere videtur, non quasi id quoque cum vino fiat, ut medicamentum proxime ab eo memoratum in vino bibendum contra sanguinis eruptiones: sed usto similiter putamine, et absque membrana ut de proximo remedio dixerat. Cortex ovi ustus collutus (forte affrictus: nisi cum vino colluendum dicas, ut Serenus sentire videtur) dentes purgat, Kiranides.

Against a profuse nosebleed: Toast an entire eggshell and mix the liquid you extract from it with minced arsenic, and put it in the nostrils of the patient. If the arsenic won't be available, the mere liquid of the egg will be enough, Galen - Oribasius - Euporista III,97. Some people, in case of nosebleed, using a gauze put dust of incense in the nostrils together with ash of eggshell and rubber, shaped like vermicules, done with egg white, uncertain source. The ash of eggshell drunk with wine stops the hemorrhages. In this manner also a toothpaste is made, Pliny. The ash of the eggs supplies also a toothpaste, but not without wine, Serenus Sammonicus. But Pliny by writing so also a toothpaste can be made in the just quoted phrase, it almost seems that he wants to say not that it can also be done with the wine as the remedy by him just remembered to be drunk with wine against the bleedings: but after having burnt to ashes the shell in the same manner, and without the shell membrane, as he had said about the just previous remedy. The incinerated eggshell used as rinsing (perhaps rubbed: unless you say to use it as rinsing together with wine, as Serenus seems to mean) polishes up the teeth, Kiranides.

¶ Ventris dolori: Praeterea nivei sterilis testa uritur ovi, | Quae postquam in tetram fuerit conversa farinam, | Ex calidis potatur aquis, et pota medetur, Serenus. ¶ Recentiores ad geniturae profluvium corticis ovi cinerem laudant, Alex. Benedictus. ¶ Si ramex in scrotum descenderit, utiliter illinitur cinere de testis ovorum mixto cum vino. sic enim intestina in locum suum redeunt, Obscurus. ¶ Idem cinis mulierum menses cum myrrha illitus sistit, Plinius[2]. Ad profluvium mulieris, Gallinae ovum totum (cum testa scilicet) comburas, et conteras, et in vino mixtum illinies, restringit, Sextus. Ad alba mulierum profluvia, cineris corticis ovi, cineris cornus cervi, farinae succini, seminis anethi, singulorum drachmas duas misce, cribra, fiat pulvis, utatur cum aqua.

¶ For bellyache: Furthermore the empty shell of an egg white as the snow is incinerated | Which, after will be turned into a dark dust, | Is drunk with warm water, and after has been drunk it recovers, Serenus Sammonicus.  ¶ The most recent authors praise the ash of eggshell to increase the quantity of seminal liquid, Alessandro Benedetti. ¶ If a hernia went down in the scrotum, is successfully smeared with ash gotten from eggshells mixed with wine. In fact in this way the bowel goes back to its place, an unknown author. ¶ Still the same ash sprinkled together with myrrh stops the menstruations, Pliny. Against the metrorrhagia: You have to incinerate a whole egg of hen (then with the shell) and reduce it to powder, and you will smear it mixed with wine, it acts as astringent, Sextus Placitus Papiriensis. Against the leucorrhoea mix two drachmas each [around 7 g] of ash of eggshell, of ash of deer horn, of powder of yellow amber, of seed of dill, sieve, a powder has to be done, which has to be used with water.

Remedia de testis ovorum unde pulli exclusi sunt. Nicolaus Florentinus in difficultate urinae mirifice commendat corticem ovi e quo pullus exclusus est, cuius a pellicula sua repurgati drachmam propinat. ego eundem cum nobili cuidam foeminae exhibuissem, emisit duodecim (vasa) vitrea urina plena. est enim hoc summum remedium, Gatinaria. Alii simpliciter testam ovi e vino propinant. Eosdem cortices, a quibus pullus exierit, et eodem pondere Leonellus cum aqua saxifragae bibi consulit ad provocandam urinam. Idem remedium bestiis etiam et pecoribus prodesse reperio. ¶ Si mulieri matrix prociderit, abluat eam aqua, et linteo abstergat. et ungat unguento quod Martiatum[3] appellant, et postremo inspergat testas ovorum tritas e quibus pulli exclusi fuerint, Obscurus.

Remedies gotten from shells of eggs whence chicks hatched. Niccolò Falcucci in case of dysuria recommends as marvelous remedy the shell of an egg from which a chick hatched, and he gives a drachma of it [3.41 g] after having polished up it from the shell membranes. After having given it to a noble lady, she sent forth twelve glass containers (vases) full of urine. In fact it is the maximum of the remedies, Marco Gattinara. Others simply give eggshell with wine. Leonello Vittori is of the opinion that these shells whence the chick went out and in the same weight have to be drunk with water of saxifrage to trigger the discharge of urine. I find written that the same remedy is also good for animals and livestock. ¶ If to a woman would happen to have an uterine prolapse, she has to wash it with water and cleanse with a flax cloth, and she has to oil it with a perfumed ointment they call Martiatus, and finally she has to sprinkle it with minced eggshells whence the chicks hatched, an unknown author.

H.

H

a. Volucrum pleraeque a suis vocibus dictae sunt, ut anser, gallina, Varro[4]. Gallinula diminutivum, apud Avienum Arati interpretem. Thrax est {gallina} <Gallina> Syro par<?>, Horatius Serm. 2. 6.[5] Cortis aves pro gallinis dixit Martialis[6]. Ova gallina, id est gallinarum, Lampridius[7]. Myricae semen cum altilium pingui furunculis imponitur, (gallinarum intelligo,) Plinius[8]. Pumiliones aves (id est gallinas, ut et Graeci pro gallinis simpliciter aves dicunt) non nimium probo, Columella[9]. Avitia ova pro gallinaceis Caelius Rhodig.[10] dixit, ut Graeci ὀρνίθεια. ¶ Ἀλεκτορίς, θρίξ ἡ ὑπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς τρεφομένη, καὶ ὄρνις ἡ θήλεια, id est, capillus et gallina, Varinus. sed melius legetur ἀλεκτορίς, ut Hesychius habet[11]. Alectoridas Persae etiam corvos vocant, Hermolaus[12]. mihi quidem mendum subesse videtur. Ὄρνις, ὄρνιθος communiter (Dorice ὄρνιξ ὄρνιχος. quanquam Alcman in recto ὄρνις dixit) masc. et foem. genere apud veteres dicebatur de quavis ave, non de gallina tantum ut recentiores vulgo utuntur. Menander tamen ὄρνιθας et ὄρνεις, τὰς, dixit pro gallinis, et Antiphanes ὄρνιν θήλειαν pro gallina. Ὄρνιθας et ὀρνίθια (Cratinus etiam ὀρνίθια dixit) consuetudo nunc solum gallinas vocat, gallos vero ἀλεκτρυόνας et ἀλεκτορίδας.

a. Most of birds have been named on the basis of their voice as the goose, the hen, Varro. We find the diminutive gallinula - little hen - in Avienus, translator of Phenomena of Aratus of Solis. The gladiator with Thracian armor - small round shield, curved sword, greaves - named Gallina - Hen - is evenly matched to the gladiator called Syrus? Horace, Satires II,6. Martial told courtyard birds instead of hens. Ova gallina - ova pullina, that is, eggs of hens, Lampridius. On the pimples have to be applied seeds of tamarisk with fat of domestic fowls (I reckon of hens), Pliny. The dwarf birds (that is the hens, as also the Greeks simply say birds in place of hens), I don't appreciate them excessively, Columella. Lodovico Ricchieri said eggs of birds rather than of hens, like the Greeks say ornítheia, of birds, of poultry.  Alektorís, thríx hë hypò tës kephalës trephoménë, kaì órnis hë thëleia - Alektorís, the hair begotten by the head, and órnis the chicken female, that is, hair and hen, Guarino. But will sound better the word alektorís as referred by Hesychius - who doesn't add female, since órnis is equivalent to both rooster and, in this case, hen. The Persians call alectoridas - hens - also the crows, Ermolao Barbaro. To tell the truth it seems to me that an error is underlying. Órnis, genitive órnithos (in Doric órnix, órnichos, even if Alcman rightly said órnis) among ancients was generally said both as masculine and feminine a propos of any bird, not only a propos of the hen as the most recent authors habitually are accustomed to use. Nevertheless Menander said órnithas and órneis, tàs – feminine the, to point out the hens and Antiphanes said órnin thëleian - the female bird - to point out the hen. The custom now calls órnithas and orníthia (also Cratinus said orníthia) only the hens, on the contrary calls the roosters alektryónas and alektorídas.

Reperitur et ἀλεκτρυών et ἀλεκτρύαινα quoque apud Comicum[13] pro gallina: et apud Nicandrum στρουθός, per excellentiam scilicet. non enim de passere modo, sed de quavis ave στρουθόν Graeci dicunt. Βοσκάς ὀρταλίς[14], gallina domestica vel altilis Nicandro: qui etiam gallinarum ova ὀρταλίχων ἁπαλήν ὠδῖνα appellavit. Κύμβαι, ὄρνιθες, Hesych. et Varinus. videntur autem aves simpliciter intelligendae: quoniam cymbateutae etiam aucupes Varino sunt. Κόρκορα, ὄρνις, Pergaeis, Iidem[15]. Κίκκα, gallina, Iidem. κικκός etiam gallus[16] est Hesychio. Gallinas Comici aliquando mylacridas vocant. quanquam Aristophanes[17] ita appellat bestiolam inter molas nascentem, Hermolaus. Σὺ δὲ δεῦρ’ἡ κιθαρῳδός (Scholiastes gallinam[18] interpretatur) ἔξιθι, | Πολλάκις ἀναστήσασα μ’εἰς ἐκκλησίαν | Ἀωρὶ νυκτῶν διὰ τὸν ὄρθριον νόμον, Vir quidam in Ecclesiazusis Aristophanis. Plura de Graecis gallinae nominibus leges in Gallo a. ¶ עיש, aijsch, vel עוש, Hebraicum nomen {syderis} <sideris> est, quod alii draconis {sydus} <sidus>, alii Pleiades seu gallinam (Germani vocant die Glugghenn[19]) interpretantur, Munsterus.

Both alektryøn and alektrýaina are found in the comic poet Aristophanes in place of hen: and in Nicander strouthós, that is, pointing out for excellence the hen, not only the sparrow, but the Greeks say strouthón for any bird. For Nicander the domestic or breeding hen is the boskás ortalís: who also called the eggs of hen ortalíchøn hapálën ødîna - sweet fruit of the delivery by little birds. Kýmbai, órnithes - cimba, birds, Hesychius and Guarino. Actually it seems that we have to simply mean birds, since for Guarino the cymbateutae are also the birds' catchers. Kórkora is a bird for the inhabitants of Perge, still they. Kíkka, the hen, still they. For Hesychius kikkós is also the rooster. The comic writers sometimes call the hens mylakrídas. Although Aristophanes calls in this way an insect taking birth among the millstones, Ermolao Barbaro. Sù dè deûr'hë kitharøidós - And you woman, player of cither (the scholiast interprets her as hen) - éxithi, Pollákis anastësasa m'eis ekklësían Aørì nyktøn dià tòn órthrion nómon - go out hence, you who so many times wakened up me in the dead of night with the song of the dawn in order to go to the assembly, a man in Ecclesiazusae of Aristophanes. You can read quite a lot of things about the Greek names of the hen in the paragraph a - pag. 402 - of the chapter devoted to the rooster. ¶ עיש, aijsch, or עוש, is the Hebrew name of a star, which some translate as the Draco constellation, other as Pleiades or Hen (the Germans call it Glugghenn - Mother hen), Sebastian Münster.

¶ Dic me tuum passerculum, gallinam, coturnicem, Plautus Asin.[20] ¶ Gallinarius, gallinaceus, et alia derivata a Gallina in utraque lingua reperis in Gallo a. et stirpium quoque nomina ab hac alite facta.

¶ Tell me that I am your fledgling sparrow, your hen, your quail, Plautus in Asinaria. ¶ Gallinarius, gallinaceus and other words coming from hen in both languages you will find in the chapter devoted to the rooster at the paragraph a - pag. 402 - as well as the etymons derived from this bird.

¶ Epitheta. Ὀρταλίς βοσκάς Nicandro, gallina altilis. Legitur et ὄρνις κατοικίς, id est gallina domestica, et ὄρνις φιαρά, id est gallina pinguis apud eundem. ¶ Tenera, cohortalis, glociens, glocitans, querula, apud Textorem[21].

¶ Epithets. Ortalís boskás in Nicander is the breeding hen. Still in Nicander is also read órnis katoikís, that is, domestic hen and órnis phiará, that is, fat hen. ¶ Tender, of courtyard, cackling, chirping, plaintive, in Jean Tixier.