Ingentes ergo animos, et vigiles custodias, necnon summum erga suos amorem Dani, qui se hoc nomine nuncuparunt, pollicebantur, unde hactenus in usu ipsis fuisse constat, Gallos semper in militia habere binas maxime ob causas, nimirum, ut tum virtutem eorum imitarentur, tum pro horologiis cantus eorum haberetur.

Therefore the Danish, who called themselves with such a name – De hanen – Danen – roosters, were pledging themselves to have strong spirits, to be watchful guards, as well as to have a very great love toward their relatives, so until this moment it turns out that among them the custom is kept to have always the roosters in their army especially for two reasons: both so that they might imitate their courage, and their crow might serve instead timepieces.

Subiungit autem idem Goropius Gallorum mox nomen alios imitatos esse, sed qui a Danis illis fortasse Cimmeriorum sobole, genus ducerent: illos, ut nonnihil a parentibus distinguerentur, Alanen se nominasse, quasi dicerent, se omnes aut omnino Gallos esse. Al enim omnem, Han Gallinaceum notare: hinc Alani appellationem, quae gens Ptolomaeo suprema fere ad septentrionem ponitur, a Suobenis non longe remota, et rursus in Sarmatia Europaea sub eiusdem nominis montibus. Ait denique, et probat ex eodem Galli etymo Albanos, {Alonorsos} <Alanorsos>, {Rosolanos} <Roxolanos> eiusdem cum Alanis originis, et linguae fuisse; Albanos vero dictos fuisse quasi montanos Gallos, ex Alb, quo montes significant, et Han, quo Gallinaceus dicitur, {Alonorsos} <Alanorsos>, quasi Alanos degeneres, et spurios ab Horson filium meretricis significante; {Rosolanos} <Roxolanos> quasi equestres Alanos, a Ros, quod equum denotat. Et quem admodum Sacae Alpini Sacalpini, ita Alanos, sive Danos montanos, Albanos esse nominatos, atque hinc fieri potuisse, ut post omnes se Alanos dixerint, eo quod omnes Gallinacei nomen haberent, et id praesertim, cum iam Dani e Sarmatia in Cherronesum {Cymbricam} <Cimbricam>, et Norvvegiam, et insulas vicinas commigrassent, adeo ut tota fere Sarmatia et Asiatica, et Europaea posterioribus temporibus Alania coeperit dici.

Goropius himself also adds that soon others paraphrased the name of the roosters, and precisely those descending from those Danish perhaps descendants from Cimmerians. In order to distinguish something themselves from parent stock, they called themselves Alans as to say that they were one and all or entirely roosters. For Al means all and Han means rooster: hence the appellation Alans, a northern people who by Ptolemy is placed nearly in the far north, not too much faraway from Slovenians and also in European Sarmatia at the foot of the mountains of the same name. Finally he says, and he gives the proof of this, that Albans, Alanorses and Roxolans had the same etymology from rooster, the same origin and language as the Alans. The Albans were so called as they were mountain roosters, from Alb, by which they indicate the mountains, and Han, by which is called the rooster, Alanorses they are, so to speak, mongrelized and spurious Alans taking their name from Horson which means son of a whore; Roxolans are, so to speak, equestrian Alans, from Ros indicating the horse. And like Saks Alpines are Sakalpines, thus Albans are said Alans or mountain Danish, and hence it could have happened that afterwards they were all called Alans since all of them were bearing the name of the rooster, and overall since Danish already had migrated from Sarmatia into Cimbrian Chersonese - peninsula of Cimbri, Denmark -, into Norway and neighboring islands, so that in later times almost all Sarmatia, both Asiatic and European, began to be called Alania.

Quem Procopius Honoricum vocat (qui Gizerici filius et Vandalorum imperii h{a}eres, tyrannice atque immani saevitia per ignes atque alia suppliciorum tormenta ad Ar{r}ianam sectam compulisse legitur) alii Hunericum, nonnulli Heinricum, vel potiore scriptura Henricum appellant. Hunericus autem teste Hadriano Iunio[1] Gallinaceorum, Gizericus Anserum copiis affluentem significat: Heinricus vero domiciliis divitem, aut laris et sanguinis paterni magna progenie clarum.

He whom Procopius calls Honoricus (who, as we can read, was son of Gensericus and heir to the Vandal empire and who, acting as tyrant and with savage fierceness using fire and other excruciating tortures forced - the African Christians - to embrace the Arian sect) others call him Hunericus, some Heinricus or, by more correct writing, Henricus. According to Hadrianus Junius, Hunericus signifies one who is rich in chickens, Gensericus in geese: Heinricus, one who is rich in houses, or famous because of a great progeny resulting from hearth and paternal blood.

Galeazius apud Italos maxime nomen proprium est: sed haud scio, an a Gallo: certe tamen novi {Ma<t>thiae} <Matthaei> Vicecomitis cognomento magni (nobilissima haec Mediolanensium familia est) primogenitum a Gallo Galeazium, seu potius Galliatium nomen accepisse, quod haec ales tota nocte, cum nasceretur, cantaret, quasi pater sub felicibus huius volucris auspiciis natum significare vellet. Galliciorum familia[2] nunc extincta, olim in hac urbe generis claritate floruit, et turris ab eis fabricata etiamnum nobilitatis eorum extat testimonium, hanc autem a Gallis avibus nomen habere nonnulli volunt. Ἱππαλεκτρυών Aristophani[3] nominatur, id est, Equorum Gallus hoc versu.

Μεγάλα πράττει κἄστι νυνὶ ξουθὸς  ἱππαλεκτρυών.

Magna facit, et est nunc Gallorum equus.

Galeazzo is a very important first name among Italians, but I do not know whether it comes from gallus: nevertheless I certainly learned that the first-born son of Matteo Visconti called the Great (this is a most noble family of Milanese) took his name Galeazzo or rather, Galliatius, from gallus, because this bird crowed during the entire night when he was being born, as though the father had wished to signify that his son was born under the happy auspices of this bird. The family of Galluzzi - or Gallucci - now extinct, once distinguished itself in this city – Bologna - for nobility of stock, and the tower they built even now exists as a testimony to their superiority, and some believe that this family takes its name from galli, the birds. In Aristophanes is mentioned the hippalektryøn, that is, the rooster of horses – the horse-rooster, by this verse:

Megála práttei kásti nunì xouthòs hippalektryøn.

He gives himself great airs, and now he is the horse of the roosters - a horse-rooster.

Iam vero praeter plantas, quae mox sequuntur, et ab harum avium partium potissimum similitudine nomen habent, etiam processus unus ossis[4] λιθοειδοῦς, ab inferiori eius parte exoriens, solidus, oblongus, et subtilis instar styli, vel acus πλῆκτρον, id est calcar dicitur. Plinius[5] Alectorolophon vocat herbam, et Romanis cristam vocari asserit, et folia habere similia Gallinaceae cristae, caulem tenuem, semen in siliquis[6]. Quibus verbis multi herbarii nostri plantam quandam, quam Dodonaeus[7] depingit ob florum congeriem, multiplici<s>, et densae Gallinacei cristae modo fastigiatam, ob folia multo magis ad simplicis cristae figuram accedentia Alectorolophon, sive cristam Gallinaceam, sive cristam Galli appellarunt. Nascitur passim in pratis, et arvis utrobique otiosa, et inutilis.

But, in addition to the plants following in a little while and taking their names chiefly from their resemblance to parts of the body of these birds, there is also a process of the  petrosal bone of human skull’s temporal bone, rising from its lower part, solid, oblong, and thin like a stylus or a needle which is called plêktron, that is, spur. Pliny calls an herb alectorolophos and asserts it is called comb by Romans - Rhinanthus crista-galli - Yellow rattlebox - and that it has leaves like a rooster's comb, a slender stem, the seed in pods – in orbicular capsules. Many of our herbalists called alectorolophos, or chicken's comb, or rooster's comb, a certain plant which Rembert Dodoens represents as having a great number of flowers, with the top shaped like a rooster comb, multiple and thick, with leaves approaching much more the look of a single comb – but is a Rhinanthus crista-galli or Yellow rattlebox. The Rhinanthus grows here and there in meadows and fields and in either event is worthless and useless.

Io. Baptista Porta[8] venerem ciere ea ratione scribit, quod cristae Gallinaceae imaginem repraesentet, eoque magis cum et Gallus salacissima avis ad venerem inutilis reddatur dempta crista. Verum quod folia aspera ferre dicat, hirta, verrucis, et rugis nonnihil aspera, verbasci pube, et aliquibus sclaream dici, in eo non parum mihi allucinari videtur. Siquidem id Gallitrico, non alectrorolopho Plinii convenit. Haud me latet tamen recentiores herbarios aliam herbam alectorolophon vocare, sed quae nec ipsa Gallitricum sit, at fistularia aliis dicta, quod ad fistulas, et sinuosa ulcera prosit, aliis item p<h>thirion, sive pedicularis ab effectu, quia in pratis ubi provenit depascentibus iumentis, pecorique pediculorum copiam gignit. Flores edit cristae Gallinaceae similes, sed minores et rubescentes. Provenit in uliginosis locis ipsis infesta.

Giambattista Della Porta writes that it is an aphrodisiac because it looks like a rooster's comb, all the more since the rooster, a most salacious bird, is rendered unfit for copulation when its comb is cut off – a huge whopper! But since he says that the plant bears rough leaves, bristly and somewhat coarse, with warts and wrinkles, endowed with the hairiness of the Common mullein - Verbascum thapsus, and by some people is called Clary sage - Salvia sclarea, in this regard it seems to me he got hold of the wrong end of the stick. Since these characteristics befit the Clary sage and not the Pliny’s alectorolophos. Meanwhile I am not unaware that more recent herbalists call another herb alectorolophos, which would not be even the Clary sage, but that one called by others as fistularia since it is useful for fistulas and sinuous ulcers, which likewise others call phthirion or Lousewort - pedicularis - from its effect, because in the meadows where is growing it creates an abundance of lice in work animals and flocks feeding on it. It bears flowers like a gallinaceous comb, but they are smaller and reddish. It grows in marshy places and is harmful to them.

Gallitricum vero longe diversa herba est, et Horminis haud dubio congener, estque nulli non nota sub Sclareae nomine: alii centrum Galli vocant, alii matrisalviam. Horminum tamen non est, quo nomine descripsit, et pinxit Fuchsius. Nam folia habet multo maiora, nempe verbasci, admodum hirta. Tota planta odorem spirat non ingratum, sed tam vehementem, ut capitis gravitatem faciat. Sylvaticus hanc herbam cum Sideritide Heraclea, quam hodie eruditi quidam herbam Iudaicam, vel {tethrait} <tetrahit>[9] Arabice et vulgo herbariorum <dictam> [251] esse putant confundit.

Clary sage is a far different herb, no doubt belonging to the same genus of Meadow clary or Meadow sage - Salvia pratensis, and is known to everybody under the name sclarea: others call it cock-spur, others mother-sage. Nevertheless it is not Meadow sage that one which Leonhart Fuchs described and portrayed with this name - horminum. For it has much larger leaves like the Common mullein and quite rough. The entire plant sends forth a smell which is not unpleasant, but so strong that it causes heavy head. Matteo Silvatico confuses this herb with Common hemp nettle - Galeopsis tetrahit, which today certain scholars think is called Jewish herb also by common herbalists, or tetrahit in Arabic.