¶ Ὠΐου πολύ λευκότερον, id est, Ovo multo candidius Sappho dixit, Athenaeus[1]. ¶ Apud Tappium haec etiam Germanica invenio: Ovum prae gallina sapit, Das ey wil klüger sey dann die henne, cui illud Latinorum respondet, Ante barbam doces senes. Qui ova desiderat, gallinarum obstreperos cantus ferat oportet: Wär eyer wil haben / der müß der hennen kackelen lyden. Qui vitat molam, vitat farinam. Hollandorum est, Anserinis neglectis ova gallinacea requiris, Du süist nae thennen ay/unde left tgansen ay varen. cui Tappius illud Graecorum confert, Omissa hypera pedem insequeris[2].

¶ Øíou polý leukóteron, that is, Very more snowy than an egg, Sappho said, Athenaeus. ¶ In Eberhard Tappe I also find these German proverbs: The egg is more tasty than the hen, Das ey wil klüger sey dann die henne, which echoes that of Latins: Before having the beard you teach the elders. He who desires eggs has to send forth the roaring songs of the hens: Wär eyer wil haben / der müß der hennen kackelen lyden. He who avoids the millstone avoids the flour - He who doesn't sow, doesn't mow. This is of the Dutch people: After having disregarded those of goose you go looking for eggs of hen: Du süist nae thennen ay / unde left tgansen ay varen. To which Tappe approaches that of Greeks: Left the cable of the lateen yard he takes care of sail's sheet. - You let go the brace and run after the sheet.

DE PULLIS GALLINACEIS.

THE CHICKS

de pullis gallinacei generis etsi quaedam superius dicta sint in Gallinae historia, capite tertio et quinto et sexto, et alibi fortassis: hic tamen de iisdem copiosius separatim agere volui, superioribus quidem non repetitis. neque enim ullarum avium pulli ita in usu sunt ad cibum, ac gallinacei. Nominat autem pullos gallinaceos Plautus in Captivis[3], foetus scilicet gallinarum adhuc tenellos: et Martialis[4] in lemmate distichi, Si Libycae nobis volucres et Phasides essent, | Acciperes. at nunc accipe cortis aves. Sed absolute etiam pullos pro gallinacei poni invenio apud Vegetium et alios. Pellicula quae solet pullorum ventribus adhaerere, Palladius in Maio Tit. 9.[5] Puls potissimum dabatur pullis in auspiciis, Festus. dabatur autem non quibuslibet, sed gallinaceis. Heliogabalus una die non nisi de phasianis tantum edebat, alia die de pullis, Lampridius[6]. Gigeria pullorum coques, Apicius[7]. Pullastrum et pullastram neoterice vocamus, Grapaldus. Pullastrae vocabulo pro parva gallina, Hermolaus, Sipontinus et Platina utuntur. Quidam etiam foeminino genere pullas efferunt, e recentioribus. Pullaster vel pullastra, significat gallum vel gallinam adolescentes. sic a M. Varrone libro 3. de re rust.[8] pullastrae dicuntur iuvencae gallinae, ait enim, Et ea quae subijcias potius {e} vetulis quam {e} pullastris. Pro pullo {pulleiacium} <pulleiaceum> Augustus dicere solebat, ut ait Tranquillus[9]. Pullicenus (alias pullicinus, quod magis placet. nam et Itali hodieque pulcinos vel pullicinos appellant) diminutivum a pullo. Servos habuit vectigales, qui eos ex ovis et pullicenis et pipionibus alerent, Lampridius de Alexandro Severo[10].

About the chicks of gallinaceous genus, even if in precedence some things were told in the description of the hen, in the chapters III, V and VI, perhaps also elsewhere: nevertheless I wanted to deal with them separately in this chapter in a wider way, without however repeating the already said things. In fact the chicks of any bird are very used as food like those of hen. In fact Plautus in Captives quotes the gallinaceous chickens, that is, the still tender offspring of the hens. And Martial in an epigram in couplets: If we had Libyan and Phasian birds, you would accept them, but now accept barnyard birds. That membrane usually sticking to the stomach of the chickens - the coilin membrane of the gizzard or muscular stomach, Palladius in the month of May 9^th paragraph. Most usually during omens they gave mash to chickens, Festus. But it was not given to whomever, but to chickens. Heliogabalus one day ate only just pheasants, chickens another day, Lampridius. You will cook the giblets of the chickens, Apicius. In modern speech we say pullaster and pullastra, Francesco Mario Grapaldi. Ermolao Barbaro, Nicolò Perotto and Platina use the word pullastra for a little hen. Some among more recent writers also give them in the feminine gender with pullae. Pullaster or pullastra means adolescent cock or hen, so we gather from Marcus Varro in 3^rd book of De re rustica. They are said pullastrae the young hens. For he says: And those eggs you place under, it is preferable under rather old hens than under pullets. Augustus, as Suetonius Tranquillus reports, used to say pulleiacius for pullus. Pullicenus (or pullicinus, I like more. In fact also Italians, and still now, call them pulcini or pullicini) is a diminutive derived from pullus. He had hired servants, so as they feed them with eggs, with pulliceni and pigeons, Lampridius about Alexander Severus.

¶ Ab Athenaeo libro 9.[11] νεοοσοί ὄρνιθες et ἵπποι dicuntur. Νεοττίδες ἀλεκτορίδων καὶ χηνῶν, Aristoteli[12] sunt foemellae iuvencae e gallinaceo vel anserum genere, quae nuper scilicet parere coeperunt: possunt etiam sic dici antequam pepererint. Athenaeus pullos gallinaceos a Graecis hippos, hoc est quasi equulos vocari scribit: credo, quia pulli proprie sunt equorum, Hermolaus. Ὁ τοῦ νόοσακος ζωμός, id est, pulli gallinacei ius, Dioscorides[13]. Ὀρτάλιχος (vox poetica) tum gallum ipsum tum pullum gallinaceum significat. sed pullum frequentius. vide in Gallo H. a.[14] Ὀρτάλιχοι, pulli qui nondum volare possunt: et galli ipsi Boeotis (quod et Scholiastes Aristophanis scribit,) Varinus. Pullos qui recens apparuerunt, (Ὀρνίθων τὰ ἐν ὄψει ἤδη ὄντα) Graeci νεοττούς vocant, aliqui ὀρτάλιχους, Eustathius. Ἀνορταλίζειν verbum Aristophani in Equitibus[15] efferri et superbire significat: vel leviter agere, et nimis facile aliquid credere. Proprie autem ὀρταλίζειν[16] dicitur de avibus volare incipientibus (ἐπὶ τῶν ἀρχομένων ἀναπτερύσσεσθαι ὀρνίθων. ut et πτερυγίζειν) vel de iis qui pueros in sublime efferunt citato motu, (ἀναῤῥιπτεῖν τὰ νήπια τῶν παιδίων, οἷον ὀρούειν ποιεῖν εἰς ὕψος,) et improprie deinde etiam de aliis motibus, Scholiastes Aristophanis.

¶ By Athenaeus in 9^th book they are called neossoí órnithes - young birds - and híppoi - horses. Neottídes alektorídøn kaì chënôn - the young pullets of hens and geese - for Aristotle are the young females of gallinaceous genus, or of geese, i.e. which just began to lay: they can also be so called before they laid. Athenaeus writes that by Greeks the gallinaceous chicks are said híppoi, that is, as if they were foals: I do believe because the pulli - young animals - properly belong to the horses, Ermolao Barbaro. Ho toû nóssakos zømós, that is, the broth of gallinaceous chicken, Dioscorides. Ortálichos (poetic term) means both the rooster in itself and the chick. But more often the chick. See in the Cock Ha. Ortálichoi are the chicks not still able to fly: and for Boeotians they are the roosters in themselves (and also the scholiast of Aristophanes writes it), Varinus. The chicks that came recently to light (Orníthøn tà en ópsei ëdë ónta) the Greek call them neottoús, some call them ortalíchous, Eustathius. The verb anortalízein - to beat the wings, to grow bolder - for Aristophanes in Knights means to boast and to brag: or to act thoughtlessly and to believe that something is markedly easy. In effects in a suitable way is said ortalízein about the birds starting to fly (epì tøn archoménøn anapterýssesthai orníthøn. As also pterygízein - to shake the wings) or about those carrying aloft the babies with a quick movement (anarrhipteîn tà nëpia tøn paidíøn, hoîon oroúein poieîn eis hýpsos - to lift the puerilities of the children, as to make to jump aloft) and then improperly also about other activities, the scholiast of Aristophanes.

Aves προπέται et προπετεῖς dicuntur, quae antequam ocyptera, id est pennae maiores eis enatae aut satis perfectae fuerint, volare gestiunt, inutili et saepe noxio conatu, cum cadant interdum et in humum allidantur. eaedem ὀρτάλιχοι dicuntur, ὡς λίχοντες (γλίχοντες) ὀρούειν, hoc est a cupiditate motus et volatus, Io. Tzetzes 7. 128. Ὄρνιθες δροσερῶν μητέρες ὀρταλίχων, Versus a Suida citatus. Οὐδ’ὁπότ’ὀρτάλιχοι μινυροί ἐπὶ κοῖτον ὁρῷεν, Theocritus Idyllio 13. Βοσκαδίης χηνός νέον ὀρταλιχῆα, Nicander de pullo anseris. Plura de voce ortálichos leges in Gallo a. Νέβρακες, Pulli  gallinacei masculi, Hesychius et Varinus. Alectryòn Graecis gallus est, unde diminutivum ἀλεκτρυόνιον: ut ab alector ἀλεκτορίσκος, et patronymica forma ἀλεκτορίδης, ut scripsimus in Gallo H. a. Pulli Graece vulgo ἀλεκτορόπουλα dicuntur, apud Symeonem Sethi ὀρνιθόπουλα. Alfrach (Arabice) est nomen commune ad omnes pullos, et quandoque dicitur de gallina iuvene, quae nondum ova peperit: sed absolute prolatum significat pullum columbinum, qui nondum volare potest, Andr. Bellunensis. ¶ Pullus Italice dicitur pollo, pollastro, pulcin<o>. sed hic proprie tener adhuc et implumis, pullastro maiusculus et iam mensis aptus. Gallice poulsin, poussin, pol, pollet, cochet, et pollaille de pullastra adultiore. Germanice Huenle, Hünckel. Anglice chyk.

Rash birds are said - propétai and propeteîs - those that, before the oxýptera - the rapid wings, that is the greatest feathers sprouted in them or not enough improved, are eager to fly, with useless attempts and often deadly, since sometimes they fall and bang to the ground. Still they are said ortálichoi, høs líchontes (read glíchontes, longing) oroúein, that is, from the longing to stir and to fly, Ioannes Tzetzes in Chiliades VII 128. Órnithes droserøn mëtétes ortalíchøn - The mother hens of tender chicks, a verse quoted by lexicon Suidas. Oud'hopót'ortálichoi minyroí epì koîton horøien - Neither when the chicks are observed chirruping on the bedding, Theocritus Idyll 13. Boskadíës chënós néon ortalichêa - The chick just born of the goose freely raised, Nicander about the chick of the goose in Alexipharmaca. You can read quite a lot things about the noun ortálichos in the paragraph a of the Cock. Nébrakes, the male chickens of gallinaceous birds, Hesychius and Varinus. For Greeks alektryøn is the rooster, from which the diminutive alektryónion - cockerel: as from aléktør comes alektorískos and the patronymic noun alektorídës - the gallinaceous chick, as I wrote in H a of the Cock. Commonly by Greeks the chickens are said alektorópoula, in Simeon Sethi are said ornithópoula. Alfrach (in Arabic) is the common name used for all chicks, and sometimes it is said apropos of a young hen which has not yet laid eggs: but said in an unlinked way - without connection with the phrase - it means chick of pigeon which cannot yet fly, Andrea Alpago. ¶ In Italian the pullus is said pollo, pollastro, pulcino. But this term is suitable for the young one and still without feathers, the pollastro is of greater size and already proper for tables. In French it is said poulsin, poussin, pol, pollet, cochet, and they say pollaille for a more adult pullet. In German Huenle, Hünckel. In English chyk.

¶ Pullos maturos dicere possumus primo vere exclusos: ut serotinos illos quos patria lingua autumnales appellamus. Et serotini quidem non pariunt ova sub veris initio, quemadmodum illi quos maturos esse dixi. quamobrem non ad pullationem, sed ad veru aluntur, Gyb. Longolius.

¶ We can call mature chicks those hatched in the early spring: as in our tongue we call autumnal those born later. And those belatedly born not yet lay eggs at the beginning of spring, as on the contrary are doing those I told to be mature. Therefore, they are not raised for reproductive purposes, but for spit, Gisbert Longolius - in Dialogus de avibus.

C.

C

¶ Varro pullos pipare dixit, Nonius[17]. Vide in Gallina C. Pipire proprie dicuntur pulli gallinacei (et huiusmodi) Columellae[18]. Urticarum genera quaedam pullis mortifera sunt, quae gallina rostro conatur evellere, Albertus.

¶ Varro said that chicks chirp, Nonius. See in the paragraph C of the Hen. In Columella is properly said that the chicks of gallinaceous birds (and others of the same sort) peep, pipire. Some species of nettles which the hen strains herself in wrenching by the beak are deadly to chicks, Albertus.

E.

E

¶ Mustelae cinis si detur in offa gallinaceis pullis, tutos esse a mustelis aiunt, Plinius[19].

¶ They say that if ashes of weasels are given to gallinaceous chicks into a mouthful, they are safe from weasels - or beech martens, Pliny.