Conrad Gessner

Historiae animalium liber III qui est de Avium natura - 1555

De Gallina

transcribed by Fernando Civardi - translated by Elio Corti

449

 


The navigator's option display ->  character ->  medium is recommended

Vitelli tosti cum pipere esui coeliaco dantur, cito medentur, Marcellus. Lutea ovorum per se decoquuntur in aceto donec indurescant, iterumque cum trito pipere torrentur ad cohibendas alvos, Plin.[1] Et rursus[2], Ovorum lutea dantur coeliacis cum uvae passae pinguis pari pondere, et malicorio, per triduum aequis portionibus. Et alio modo, lutea ovorum trium (cum) lardi veteris et mellis quadrantibus, vini veteris cyathis tribus trita ad crassitudinem mellis, et cum opus sit avellanae nucis magnitudine ex aqua pota. Item ex oleo fricta terna, totis ovis pridie maceratis in aceto. Sic et lien<ter>icis[3]. Sanguinem autem reijcientibus cum tribus cyathis musti.

The yolks roasted with pepper are given as food to people suffering from intestinal pains, they recover quickly, Marcellus Empiricus. The egg yolks alone are cooked in vinegar up to harden them, and then are toasted with pepper to stop the diarrhea, Pliny. And still: The egg yolks are given to those people suffering from intestinal pains together with an equivalent weight of raisin of good quality and peel of pomegranate, and in identical doses for three days. And in another way, the yolk of three eggs (with) a quadrant - the fourth part of one as or of one pound = 67 g - of old lard and honey, and when it is necessary, drunk big like a hazelnut with water. Likewise three yolks fried in oil, gotten from whole eggs soaked the day before in vinegar. So also to lienteric people. But to those vomiting blood, with three cyathi [150 ml] of must.

¶ Ad eminentias expertum valde probatum: Ovum elixato donec durum fiat, et repurgato: quod in eo testaceum est, abijcito. interiorem autem eius partem cum albo ipsius in carbones coniicito, et tantisper assato, donec totum albescat, dein vitellum eius conijce in mortarium plumbeum, cum cerussa et oleo rosaceo sufficienti: et omnia simul diligenter subigito, quoad glutinis crassitudinem nanciscantur. Dein chamaemelon coquito in aqua ad tertias, et foveto cum spongia saepius locum. Post unctionem cum penna illito, et sic curato bis die. assidue observando, Nicolaus Myrepsus.

¶ Proven and very appreciated remedy against swellings: Cook an egg until became hard, and polish up it: throw away what there is of shell. Put its inner part with its albumen on coals and toast for a little until when became wholly white, then put its yolk in a lead mortar with white lead. and a sufficient quantity of oil of roses: and knead together the whole with diligence until reached the consistence of the glue. Then cook chamomile in water up to reduce it to a third and rather often stupe the affected area using a sponge. Subsequently apply with a feather the ointment and do this treatment twice a day. Checking with assiduousness, Nicolaus Myrepsus.

¶ Aqua de vitellis destillata vestigia combustionis et ex aliis laesionibus cutis relicta sanat (ut etiam de albumine destillata) et omnem scabiem cutis: sed multo efficacius ad haec est oleum de vitellis, (de quo supra scripsimus,) Ryffius.

¶ The water distilled from the yolks recovers the signs left by burns and other causes injurious for the skin (as well as that distilled from egg white) as well as any type of cutaneous itch: but very more effective for these affections is the oil gotten from the yolks (about which I have spoken previously), Walther Hermann Ryff.

¶ Pars X. De remediis ex pellicula ovi interiore, et ex pullis ovorum, id est nondum exclusis. Membrana putaminis detracta ovo sive crudo, sive decocto, labiorum fissuris medetur, Plinius[4]. In ovi testa membrana quae haeret, ruptis labiis recte adponitur, Marcellus. Labiorum fissorum cura mirabilis, Ovi internam pelliculam fissuris eorum agglutina, Nic. Myrepsus. Hymen, id est pellicula ovi, ad labra scissa et aurium fractionem facit, et ad asperam linguam. item ad cruris[5] fracturam, Kiranid. Vestem (id est tunicam) ovi delicatam interiorem siccatam, contere, vino misce, et cola, et ex aqua calida dysenterico da bibendam, Marcellus. ¶ Stomachum dissolutum confirmant pulli ovorum cum gallae dimidio, ita ut ne ante duas horas alius cibus sumatur. Dant et dysentericis pullos in ipso ovo decoctos, admixta vini austeri hemina, et pari modo olei polentaeque, Plin.[6]

Section 10 - The remedies gotten from the inner membrane of the egg and from the chicks of the eggs, that is not yet born. The shell membrane gotten from an egg, both raw and cooked, recovers the chaps of the lips, Pliny. The membrane sticking to the shell of the egg is profitably applied to chapped lips, Marcellus Empiricus. Marvelous treatment of the chapped lips: Stick the inner membrane of the egg to their chaps, Nicolaus Myrepsus. The hymen, that is the shell membrane, is good for chapped lips and fissured ears, as well as for rough tongue. Likewise for a fracture of the leg, Kiranides. Mince the inner soft veil (that is the tunic) of the egg after you dried it, mix with wine and strain, and give it to a dysenteric to be drunk with warm water, Marcellus Empiricus. ¶ The chicks contained in the eggs with half gallnut, doing so that no other food is assumed before two hours passed, strengthen a weakened stomach. They also give dysenteric people the chicks cooked for a long time within the egg itself mixing a hemina [250 ml] of dry wine and the same quantity of oil and barley polenta, Pliny.

¶ Pars XI.  De remediis ex testis ovorum: primum simpliciter, deinde ustis, tertio de testis ovorum unde pulli exclusi sunt. Amiantum Sylvaticus interpretatur testas ovorum e quibus pulli in nido excluduntur, manifesto errore, cum amiantus genus lapidis sit. hoc forsan fieri potest, ut ad medicinam amianti loco testae ovorum usurpari possint. ¶ Crito apud Galenum lib. 5. de compos. med. sec. loc. praescripto ad lichênas medicamento, Forinsecus (inquit) conservandi pharmaci gratia vesicae pelliculam, aut ovi testam, aut viridia folia quantum satis est impone. ¶ Unguentum ad splendorem faciei: Putaminum ovorum pulvis, semina melonum mundata, misceatur cum pinguedine anatis lota, Furnerius.

Section 11 - The remedies gotten from eggshells, firstly au naturel, then toasted, and thirdly the eggshells whence the chicks hatched. Matteo Silvatico translates amiantus with eggshells from which the chicks are hatching in the nest, because an evident mistake, since the asbestos is a type of mineral. Perhaps this can happen since the eggshells can be used for medicinal purpose in place of the asbestos. ¶ Crito in Galen book V of De compositione medicamentorum secundum locos, after having prescribed a medicine against the impetigo says: To preserve a remedy applied outside, put on it the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder, or an eggshell, or green leaves for the time being enough. ¶ Ointment to brighten the face: Dust of eggshells and seeds of melon polished up are mixed with clean fat of duck, André Le Fournier.

¶ Ovi testa tosta cum mirro (myrto) attritiones pedum ex calceamentis sanat. omnemque tumorem et rheumatismum constringit. Utilis est etiam in pessariis, et in his quae sunt circa sedem, hoc est ad matricis passiones, et dolores sedis: maxime vero tumores erysipelatum et nascentiarum, Kiranid. ¶ Ad sanguinis narium eruptiones: Putaminis ovi partem unam, gallae omphacitidis[7] partem unam, trita linamento torto aqua aut aceto madefacto excipito et indito. frontem vero aut nasum gypso aut luto figulino integito. aures autem contente obturare iubeto, Asclepiades apud Galenum de comp. med. sec. loc. Sunt qui ad hoc remedium ovi putamine usto uti malint: Vide inferius. Ad sanguinem sistendum: Cortices ovorum in aceto acri donec molliantur maceratos, in Sole siccabis, conteres, et insperges ubicunque sanguis fluit. Vel, pulverem ex ovorum corticibus cum fuligine pistoria mistum, insperge, et mox sistetur, Ex libro Germanico manuscripto. ¶ Ad dolorem dentium: Ovorum putamina, sepiam et oleum misceto et coquito, donec tertia pars relinquatur, et tepidum ore contineto, Galenus Euporiston 3.17.

¶ The eggshell toasted with the mirro (myrtle) recovers the lesions from feet's rubbing due to footwear. And it reduces any swelling and kind of catarrh. It is also useful for vaginal suppositories and those medicines useful for perianal affections, that is, for the diseases of the uterus and the anal pains: but above all for the swellings of the erysipelas and for those due to the birth, Kiranides. ¶ Against the nosebleed: One part of eggshell, one part of gallnut, after having minced put them in a twisted bandage soaked in water or vinegar, and apply it. But cover the forehead or the nose with chalk or potter clay. It must be prescribed to properly bung the ears, Asclepiades in Galen in De compositione medicamentorum secundum locos. There are some preferring to use toasted eggshell for this remedy: see further. To stop the blood: You will dry in the sun eggshells soaked in strong vinegar until became soft, you will mince them and sprinkle anywhere there is a hemorrhage in progress. Or else, sprinkle a mixture gotten from the dust of eggshells together with soot of the baker, and immediately it will stop, from a German manuscript book. ¶ Against toothache: Mix eggshells, ink of cuttlefish and oil, and cook until a third remains, and it has to be held lukewarm in mouth, Galen - Oribasius - Euporista III,17.

¶ Si alvus fluat, Torridus ex vino cortex potabitur ovi, Serenus. ¶ Recentiores authores inter calculi remedia celebrant ovi testas, Alex. Benedictus. Ad eliciendam urinam: Ex ovo recente interiora (album et vitellum) effundas: et testam digitis in calicem vinum continentem confriato: et mox pariter ebibito, urina statim sequetur, Obscurus. Sunt qui ad hoc remedium testa ovi ex quo pullus exclusus sit, utantur. ¶ Ad penis dolorem et inflammationem: Cuminum et ovorum putamina bene decoquito, et foveto: effectum miraberis, Galenus Euporiston 3.279.

¶ If the intestine had to be diarrhoeic: The roasted eggshell will be drunk with wine, Serenus Sammonicus. ¶ The most recent authors among the remedies for the calculosis praise the eggshells, Alessandro Benedetti. To provoke the issue of urine: You have to make go out the content of a fresh egg (white and yolk): and with the fingers sprinkle the shell in a glass containing wine: and gulp down it instantly, and the urine will immediately gush, an unknown author. There are some that in order to realize this remedy use the shell of an egg from which a chick hatched. ¶ Against the pain and the inflammation of the penis: Overcook cumin and eggshells, and stupe, you will be marveled by the result, Galen - Oribasius - Euporista III,279.

¶ Equo strophoso ova quatuor in os confringito, et ut simul cum putaminibus deglutiat, curato, Anatolius.

¶ Break four eggs in the mouth of a horse suffering from colics and pay attention that it swallows them together with the shells, Anatolius.

¶ E testis ustis remedia. De corticibus ovorum urendis scribit Bulcasis tractatu tertio. Comburi putamina sine membrana oportet, Plinius[8]. Pulvis ad ulcus antiquum in crure siccandum: Cortices ovorum et soleas calciamentorum [calceamentorum] veterum ure, quibus addes fimum bubulum de mense Maio arefactum et tritum. De his mistis pulverem insperge ulceri, et lanuginem typhae superinsperge. Calx alba de testis ovorum in furno ustis, chirurgis erodens praestat medicamentum, Tragus. ¶ Ovi putaminis cinis in vino potus, sanguinis eruptionibus medetur, Plinius[9]. Si sanguis ex vulnere immodice fluat, fimi caballini cum putaminibus ovorum cremati cinis impositus mire sistit, Idem[10]. Si vero infrenus manat de vulnere sanguis, fimus manni (equi) cum testis uritur ovi, Et reprimit fluidos miro medicamine cursus, Serenus. Cortex ovi ustus tritusque inflatur naribus ad [450] sistendum sanguinem, Kiranides. alii etiam non usto utuntur. ut supra dictum est.

¶ Remedies gotten from toasted shells. Albucasis writes about the eggshells to be toasted in the third volume of his treatise al-Tasrif. The shells have to be toasted without the shell membrane, Pliny. Dust to desiccate a long standing ulcer in the leg: Burn eggshells and soles of old footwear, to which you will add bovine dung picked up in the month of May, desiccated and crushed. Sprinkle on the ulcer the dust gotten from these things mixed together, and sprinkle on them the floss of cattail. The white lime gotten from eggshells burnt in oven, supplies the surgeons with a medicine with erosive properties, Hieronymus Bock called Tragus. ¶ The ash of eggshell drunk with wine stops the hemorrhages, Pliny. If the blood escapes in an excessive manner from a wound, the application of an ash gotten from the cremation of dung of horse together with eggshells stops it in an amazing way, still Pliny. But if the blood escapes unrestrainedly from a wound, dung of foal (of horse) is toasted with eggshells, and it stops the flowing of the liquids as if it were a portentous remedy, Serenus Sammonicus. The eggshell toasted and pulverized is insufflated into the nostrils to stop the blood, Kiranides. Others use it even if not toasted, as it has been said beforehand.


449


[1] Naturalis historia XXIX,49: Et per se lutea ex iis decocuntur in aceto, donec indurescant, iterumque cum trito pipere torrentur ad cohibendas alvos.

[2] Naturalis historia XXIX,43-44: Dantur coeliacis cum uvae passae pinguis pari pondere et malicorii per triduum aequis portionibus, et alio modo lutea ovorum III, lardi veteris et mellis quadrantibus, vini veteris cyathis III, trita ad crassitudinem mellis [44] et, cum opus sit, abellanae nucis magnitudine ex aqua pota, item ex oleo fricta terna, totis ovis pridie maceratis in aceto; sic et lientericis, sanguinem autem reicientibus cum III cyathis musti.

[3] Termine derivato dal greco leîon = liscio + énteron = intestino. Essendo l'intestino liscio come un tavolo da biliardo, esso non assorbirebbe i cibi, che scorrono via indigeriti. Per notizie aggiornate al 2005, si veda la voce Lienteria del lessico. § In latino esiste anche il termine lienicus, usato per esempio da Celio Aureliano, ma significa tutt'altra patologia: sofferente di milza. Infatti la milza in latino è detta lien/lienis. Celio Aureliano usa l'aggettivo lienicus in De morbis chronicis III,4 De iecorosis, quos Graeci epaticos vocant, & lienosis, quos splenicos dicunt, capitolo in cui parla di cirrosi epatica associata a splenomegalia. Ecco l'impiego di lienicus: Alii enim phlebotomiam recusarunt in lienicis [...].

[4] Naturalis historia XXIX,46: Membrana putamini detracta sive crudo sive cocto labrorum fissuris medetur, putaminis cinis in vino potus sanguinis eruptionibus.

[5] Dal punto di vista medico è un po’ enigmatica quest’azione terapeutica in caso di frattura di una gamba. Non vorrei che crus assumesse il significato di palo di sostegno, come in Catullo, e quindi di pene, da alcuni considerato anche come una terza gamba, specialmente quando le sue dimensioni lo giustificano appieno. Per cui la membrana testacea sarebbe utile in caso di rottura del membro virile conseguente a manipolazioni violente o a usi forsennati.

[6] Naturalis historia XXIX,45: Dant et dysintericis pullos in ipso ovo decoctos admixta vini austeri hemina et pari modo olei polentaeque.

[7] Il sostantivo greco femminile omphakîtis, al genitivo omphakítidos, significa noce di galla in Dioscoride. e Galeno.

[8] Naturalis historia XXIX,46: Membrana putamini detracta sive crudo sive cocto labrorum fissuris medetur, putaminis cinis in vino potus sanguinis eruptionibus. Comburi sine membrana oportet.

[9] Naturalis historia XXIX,46.

[10] Naturalis historia XXX,112: Si vero ex vulnere inmodice fluat, fimi caballini cum putaminibus ovorum cremati cinis inpositus mire sistit.